Name:_________________
Date:_______________
1. In human genetics, ________ refers to those human characteristics transmitted to a child by their parents during conception.
2. Human life begins as a single cell called and egg or ____.
3. The human ______ is the largest cell in the human body.
4. Once the egg is fertilized by the male _____ cell it becomes a ______.
5. The single-celled zygote has a nucleus which contains _ _ tiny structures called ___________.
6. During conception, the male contributes _ _ chromosomes and the female egg contributes _ _ chromosomes for a total of _ _ chromosomes or _ _ pairs of chromosomes.
7. Pairs of chromosomes are formed by __________ genes from each parent.
8. The _ _ pairs of chromosomes with which we all began our development is referred to as being our _______ ____.
9. Chromosomes are composed of small molecules called _____, and _____ are composed of a chemical called ________________ ____ or _ _ _.
10. Although our genetic code codes for only _______ formation, it is the ______ ____ or ________ for a developing person.
11. Our genetic code is the blueprint for our ________ and ______ development.
12. Each time the cells of the zygote divide, the genetic code is __________ so that each cell gets a complete set of genetic instructions.
13. Under the direction of our genetic code, cells ______ and __________ into every component of the human body.
14. Our genetic code gives us our _________ and ___________.
15. Our genetic code gives us _____________ and _______________ for certain physical and mental illness.
16. Our genetic code helps determine such things as ___ ____ __ ____ ____, age of reaching _______, ________ in males, _______ of the hair, color _________, ________, and double __________.
17. The 23rd pair of chromosomes are referred to as being the ___ ___________, because their combination determines the sex of the developing child.
18. The only possible contribution that a human female can make to the 23rd pair of chromosomes is an _ sex chromosome. However, the human male can contribute either an _ or a _.
19. If during conception the child gets an _ _ sex chromosome combination, then they develop into a girl.
20. If during conception the child gets an _ _ sex chromosome combination, then they develop into a boy.
22. Since only the ______can contribute a Y sex chromosome, it is the _______ _____ which determines the sex of a child.
23. There are _ _ _ - _ _ _ males born for every 100 females.
24. The mortality rate is higher for _____ than it is for _______.
25. Females have an extra chromosomal ___ that males do not get.
26. The female body is dominated by a group of hormones called _________.
27. The male body is dominated by a group of hormones called _________.
28. The main androgen is ____________.
29. The hormone ____________ causes males to become physically stronger than females.
30. The lack of a chromosomal arm on the Y sex chromosome probably causes males to have higher rates of ______ ___________, _________, _________, ________ behavior, ________, as well as _____ disease.
31. On our chromosomes are a total of about _ _,_ _ _ genes.
32. On our _ _,_ _ _ genes, each person has _-_ bad genes.
33. These bad genes ______ have any effect at all.
34. When we have a serious genetic error, there are three primary ways that the error can be inherited. These three patterns of
inheritance are ___ ______, ________ and _________.
1. ___ ______ genetic disease occurs due to errors in the 23rd pair of chromosomes, which are also know as the ___ chromosomes.
2. Sex-linked genetic diseases occur only in _____.
3. Females are _______ for sex linked genetic disease.
4. Three examples of sex-linked genetic disease are __________, _____ _________ and _____-_____ syndrome.
5. __________ is a disease in which the blood has less than 1% of the normal clotting factor.
6. In ___-_____ color-blindness, ____ and _____ are seen as gray.
7. _____-_____ syndrome leads to self-mutilation.
8. In the ________ pattern of inheritance, one bad gene from either parent will cause the genetic disease.
9. For dominant genetic disease, if either parent has the disease, the chance of each child inheriting the bad gene is _ _% with each conception.
10. An example of a dominant genetic disease is __________ disease.
11. "______," is the Greek word for dance.
12. Huntington's usually has its onset when the person is in their _______. It is characterized by a deterioration of parts of the central nervous system which affect both ______ _______ &________.
13. To develop a ________ genetic disease, both parents must contribute the same defective gene.
14. For recessive genetic disease, parents usually don't have the disease, but carry one defective gene and are ________ for the disease.
15. For a child born of parents who are carriers for a recessive genetic disease, the child has:
a. a _/_ chance of inheriting neither bad gene, and never developing the disease and not becoming a _______ of the disease.
b. a _/_ chance of inheriting only one bad gene and never developing the disease, but they will become ________ of the disease.
c. a _/_ chance, the ______ chance, of inheriting both bad genes and developing the disease.
16. Four examples of recessive genetic disease are: ______-____ disease, ______ ________, _______________ (_ _ _), and ___-_____ disease.
17. In ______-____ disease, red blood cells take on a ______-like shape and clog the __________ so that cells cannot get enough oxygen.
18. ______ ________ is a disease that affect various ______ and causes chronic respiratory problems.
19. People with _ _ _ cannot drink most diet soft drinks.
20. ___-_____ disease produces a child who cannot metabolize a certain lipid.
21. Lipids are ____.
22. ____________ syndrome is a form of trisomy _ _, in which the male child receives an _ _ _ sex chromosome combination instead of the normal _ _.
23. Klinefelter's syndrome results in retarded ______ ___________.
24. _______ syndrome is a form of monosomy _ _, in which the female child receives only a single _ sex chromosome instead of the normal _ _ combination.
25. Turner's syndrome results in retarded ______ ___________ and these girls are _______.
26. The _ _ _ condition is a form of trisomy _ _ that occurs only in males and causes them to be abnormally ______, abnormally ____, and abnormally __________.
27. ______ syndrome is a form of trisomy _ _ which is usually accompanied by moderate to severe ______ ___________.
28. Circle the sex(es) which can have these genetic diseases:
a. Down's syndrome: female male
b. XYY condition: male female
c. Turner's syndrome: female male
d. sickle-cell disease: male female
e. hemophilia: female male
f. color-blindness: male female
g. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: female male
29. Two prenatal tests for birth defects are ___________ and _______ _____ ________.
30. The word "prenatal" means ______ birth.
1. _________ twins are the result of a double ovulation and a double conception.
2. _________ twins have heredity that is no more alike than that of brothers and or sisters born of the same parents at different times.
3. _________ twins develop in separate amnions.
4. _________ twins are the result of a single ovulation and a single conception.
5. ________ twins have identical genetic codes.
6. _________ twins can be of a different sex.
7. _________ twins must be the same sex.
8. ________ twins develop in a single amnion.
9. Co-joined twins are always ________ twins.
10. If one identical twin develops a major depression, there is a _ _ - _ _% chance that the other twin will develop the same disease.
11. If one fraternal twin develops a major depression, there is a _ _% chance that the other twin will develop the same disease.
12. If one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is a _ _% chance that the other twin will develop the same disease.
13. If one fraternal twin develops schizophrenia, there is a _ _% chance that the other twin will develop the same illness.
14. If a person has a specific defect on chromosome pair number 11, there is a _ _% chance that they will suffer from manic depression.
15. Adopted children will have an I.Q. that more closely resembles their __________ parents than their ________ parents.
16. ________ is a genetic aging disease.
17. Psychological test of temperament and personality show that adopted children have temperaments and personalities that more closely resemble their __________ parents than their ________ parents.
18. ______ occurs when the genetic code gives bad instructions to dividing cells to grow all out of proportion.
19. Cancer causing agents are called ___________.
20. It is believed that _________ alter our genes so that cancerous growth occurs.
21. _____________ is a mental illness that is classified as a thought disorder.
22. _____-_________ is a mood disorder.
23. __________ is an emotional mental illness.
24. Normal cells can be artificially cultured for only a ___ ____.
25. Cancer cells can be artificially cultured for an __________ ______ __ ____.
26. Cancer may represent an ______ _______ at __________.