Name:________________
Date:__________
1. List the four characteristics of muscle cells:
a. ____________ b. __________ c. __________ d. __________
2. ____________ means that muscle cells can respond to a ________.
3. _____________ means that muscle cells can make themselves _______.
4. _____________ means that muscle cells can be made ______.
5. __________ allows muscle cells to ________ and ______, and return ________ to their ________ _____.
6. There are _____ types of muscle.
7. ________ muscle makes up about __% of the weight of the human body.
8. Striated muscles are composed of _____ __________ cells known as ______ ______.
9. Each muscle fiber is _______ by numerous alternately _____ and ____ bands called _____________.
10. Each fiber is surrounded by a thin layer of _________ ______ called the __________.
11. The dark bands are called _ _____ and the light bands are called _ _____.
12. On either side of a _ _____ is another light area known as the _ _____ which is crossed by a very thin line of darker material known as the _ ____.
13. All that lies between two adjacent _ _____ makes up one ______ _____.
14. A muscle fiber is called a _________.
15. The microfibrils that make up each _________ contain ___ kinds of even smaller ______________, _____ and ____.
16. The thick ______________ are composed of the protein _______. The thin ______________ are composed of proteins called _____.
17. Actin is composed of ___ proteins: ____________ and ________.
18. The striped appearance of striated muscle is the result in variations in _____ and ______ content.
19. _ ______ have both _____ and ______ filaments.
20. _ ______ contain only ______ filaments.
21. _ ______ contain only _____ filaments.
22. The _____ _________ of one _________ attach to the _____ _________ of another _________ at a structure known as the _ ____.
23. _____ ______ connect to muscle cells at a _______ called the ______________ ________.
24. The neurotransmitter _____________ is released from the _____ ______ in response to an __________ _______ in that ______.
25. _____________ diffuses across the _______ to the _____-___ _____ of the muscle fiber. This initiates an electrical impulse in the ______ _____ which spreads over that _____ causing it to ________.
26. Acetylcholine is destroyed by an _______ called _____________.
27. In the disease __________ ______, _____________ is blocked at the neuromuscular junction by the _____________ of another chemical (possible ______ ____). This causes muscles to ______ _______. resulting in ________ ________. The ___ ________ are frequently affected, causing ________ _______ and ______ ______. There may also be difficulty _______, _______, ________, __________, ________, _______, or even _________.
28. ______ is used by South American Indians as poison for arrows.
29. ______ works by ________ the action of ______________ at the _____________ ________.
30. The chemical __________ is used to treat both _________ ______ and ______ poisoning.
31. ____________ works by raising levels of ____________.
32. Striated muscle is __% water, __% protein and _% minerals and various _______ _________.
33. The most abundant minerals in striated muscles are _________ and _______ which help cause ______ ___________.
34. The most important organic compounds in muscles are _______ ________, and the ______ molecule ___________ ____________ (___0.
35. ________ ___________ requires energy from ___.
36. _______ ________ causes a more rapid production of ___, and it assures a ________ ______ of ___ energy.
37. The raw material for ___ energy is _______, and _______ is stored in muscle tissue in the form of ________.
38. Muscle cells require ______ to make large amounts of ___ ______ through _______ ___________.
39. If ______ cannot be supplied to cells fast enough, muscle cells make ___ through _________ ___________.
40. ________ ___________ produces smaller amounts of ___ energy that does _______ ___________.
41. __________ ____________ also causes ______ ____ to accumulate in ______ _____.
42. ______ ____ causes muscle cells to ____ and ____.
43. The ______ of striated muscle cells present in an ______ is essentially the ____ as that found in the _____.
44. Beyond infancy there is no ____________ of ______ _____.
45. When muscle cells are used, they experience __________.
46. __________ means to ________ in size.
47. If muscle cells are not used, they experience _______.
48. _______ means to ________ in size.
49. Any injury which causes us to not be able to ___ muscles will result in ______ _______.
50. If we ________ a muscle to the point where its cells are _________ _______, when the muscle cells ______ themselves they become ______. This is why people who ____ _______ gain ______ ____. However, exercise will _____ produce additional ______ _____.
51. ______ _______ is also called involuntary muscle since its action, unlike that of ________ _______, is not ___________ __________.
52. Smooth muscles are much _______ that ________ ______.
53. Smooth muscle lacks the _____-________ which make striated muscle _______.
54. Smooth muscle is found in the _____ of the organs of the _________ _____, the walls of ________ and _____, and in the ____ of the ___.
55. _______ ______ is found only in the heart.
56. _______ ______ contracts ____________ to ____ _____ through the ___________ ______.
57. Unlike ______ _______, cardiac muscles show some __________, but are not as _______ as are ________ _______.
58. The individual cells of _______ ______ cannot be clearly seen as they tend to _________ with other _______ ______ cells.
59. Cardiac muscle is also distinguished by the presence of _____ which ________ individual _____.
60. Cardiac muscle has the ability to ________ without being __________ by a _____-____ _______. No other type of ______ ____ can do this.
61. If the heart is removed from a freshly ______ ______, it will continue to ____ ______________ for a _____ ______ of time.
62. If striated or smooth muscle is removed from an animal they will ___
________.