| Date | Historical Event |
| 1961 |
The Sandinist National Liberation Front of Nicaragua rose against the dictatorial
rule of the Somoza Family. The Nicaraguan Civil War broke out.
|
| 1961.1.7 |
Some African countries held the a summit meeting in Casablanca of Morocco and endorsed the
Charter of Casablanca by which they formed the Casablanca Bloc. In May of the
same year 20 African countries met in Monrovia and formed the Monrovia Bloc. The African
countries were thus divided into two blocs.
|
| 1961.2.4 |
The Angolan Popular Liberation Movement led by Neto rose against Portuguese colonial
rule. The Angolan War of National Liberation broke out. Later the National Front for
the Liberation of Angola and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
also joined the rebellion.
|
| 1961.2.9 |
Mobutu, de facto ruler of [East] Congo, returned the power to President Kasavubu. On .8.5 of
the same year, the leftists and rightists of [East] Congo concluded peace and the First
Stanleyville Government was dissolved. But soon the [East] Congolese Government suppressed the
leftists. On .12.30 [East] Congo conquered South Kasai.
|
| 1961.4.17 |
USA induced a group of Cuban rebellious forces to occupy the Giron Beach in an attempt to
topple the leftist government. On ..19 of the same month, the military actions failed (Giron
Beach Incident (also called the Bay of Pigs Incident). In July of the same year, the Cuban
leftist parties (including the Revolutionary Movement of July 26th, People's Socialist Party and
Revolutionary Directory March 13th) united to form the United Party of the Cuban Socialist
Revolution and established one-party rule in the country.
|
| 1961.4.27 |
Sierra Leone gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Sierra
Leone.
|
| 1961.5.16 |
Park Chung Hee, a [South] Korean military officer, staged the "May 16th Coup"
and set up a military government. Since then [South] Korea was under prolonged military
dicatorship.
|
| 1961.5.31 |
South Africa ended its dominion status and established the Republic of South Africa.
By withdrawing from the British Commonwealth, South Africa became isolated in the international
community. In June of the same year, the African National Congress rose against the
racist rule of the South African Gvoernment.
|
| 1961.6.1 |
Britain incorporated the northern part of Western Cameroon into Nigeria. On .10.1 of the same
year, the southern part of Western Cameroon was annexed into Cameroon.
|
| 1961.6.2 |
Seven Latin American countries signed the Treaty of Montevideo and formed the
Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA). Since then there appeared a number of
international organisations of economic cooperation formed by developing countries for the
promotion of "South-South Cooperation".
|
| 1961.6.15 |
USSR demanded for the solution of the Berlin problem by the end of this year and created
acute tension with the West (the Third Berlin Crisis). On .8.13 [East] Germany
constructed the Berlin Wall to contain West Berlin, which aroused strong protest from
the West. In October USSR cancelled the time limit.
|
| 1961.6.19 |
Kuwait gained independence from Britain.
|
| 1961.8.17 |
USA signed the Alliance for Progress Charter with the Latin American countries and
launched a scheme called the "Alliance for Progress", under which USA was to provide the
Latin American countries with various kinds of assistance to prevent the spread of Communism in
Latin America. The scheme came to an end in 1973.
|
| 1961.9 |
The Eritrean Liberation Front rebelled against the Ethiopian Government. The Eritrean War
broke out. In 1978 the Liberation Front was reorganised as the People's Liberation Front.
|
| 1961.9.1 |
25 countries held the First Summit Meeting of Non-Aligned Nations in Belgrade and formally
formed the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which became an international power evenly
matched with the Western Bloc and the Communist Bloc.
|
| 1961.9.7 |
Goulart succeeded as President of Brazil. During his presidency he carried out
radical reforms which led to economic turmoil.
|
| 1961.9.28 |
The Syrian military officers staged the Syrian Independence Coup and proclaimed the
withdrawal of Syria from UAR and the establishment of the Syrian Arab Republic. The UAR
was thus left with the region of Egypt. On .12.26 of the same year, UAR proclaimed dissolution of
the United Arab States.
|
| 1961.9.30 |
OEEC was reorganised as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD).
|
| 1961.12 |
The Salvadorian military government organised the National Conciliation Party and
started its prolonged rule. The Party continued to adopt the military reformist policies.
|
| 1961.12.9 |
Tanganyika gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Tanganyika
. On .12.9 of the next year, it ended its dominion status and established the Republic
of Tanganyika. Nyerere started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1961.12.11 |
USSR severed relation with Albania.
|
| 1962.1.1 |
Western Samoa gained independence from New Zealand and established the Independent State
of Western Samoa.
|
| 1962.3.18 |
France concluded the Evian-les-Bains Agreement with the Algerian Government-
in-Exile and ended the war. France recognized the right of self-determination of Algeria. On .7.3
of the same year, Algeria formally declared independence from France. On .7.24 ben Bella
became the Premier (He became the President on 1963.9.20).
|
| 1962.5.26 |
In contention for Dutch New Guinea (also called Western Irian), Indonesia and the Netherlands
entered into the Western Irian War. On .8.15 of the same year, the two countries agreed
that Western Irian shall be taken over by the United Nations on .10.1. On 1963.5.1 the United
Nations handed Western Irian to Indonesia.
|
| 1962.5.31 |
Britain dissolved the Federation of the British West Indies. Thereafter various British
dependencies on Carribean Sea gained independence sucessively. On .8.6 of the same year, Jamaica
gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Jamaica, which adopted
a parliamentary cabinet system. On .8.31 Trinidad and Tobago also gained independence from
Britain and established the Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago, which also adopted a
parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1962.6.11 |
The Laotian leftist, centrist and rightist wings formed the Second Coalition Government, with
Phouma being the Prime Minister again. On 1964.4.19 the rightist military officers staged the
"April 19th Coup" and forced Phouma to expel the leftists. The Coalition Government
collapsed.
|
| 1962.7 |
USSR started to transport missiles to Cuba to threaten USA. On .10.22 of the same year, USA
proclaimed a blockade of Cuba and requested USSR to withdraw all the missiles from Cuba. The
incident was called the Cuban Missile Crisis by historians. On .12.6 USSR withdrew all
missiles.
|
| 1962.7.1 |
Rwanda and Urundi declared independence from Belgium. Urundi adopted a constitutional form of
government.
|
| 1962.8.2 |
Five Central American countries founded the Central American Common Market (CACM).
|
| 1962.9.26 |
as-Sallal, head of the [Northern] Yemen Free Officers, launched the "September
26th" Revolution. After overthrowing King al-Badr, he established a Republican Government.
al-Badr summoned the royalists to oppose the Republican Government, which led to the
[Northern] Yemen Civil War. Subsequently Saudi Arabia and UAR supported al-Badr and the
Republican Government, respectively.
|
| 1962.10.9 |
Uganda gained independence from Britain and established the Ugandan Regeime, which
was a British dominion. On .10.9 of the next year, Uganda ended its dominion status.
|
| 1963.1.13 |
Eyadema, a Togolese military officer, staged a coup and toppled the Government of
the Unity Party. On .5.5 he returned power to a civilian government.
|
| 1963.1.23 |
African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde led by Cabral started a
rebellion in Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde Islands against Portuguese colonial rule. The
Guinea-Bissau War of National Liberation broke out.
|
| 1963.2.8 |
al-Bakr, leader of the Iraqi Socialist Arab Rebirth Party, united with military
officer Abd as-Salam Mohammed Arif to stage a coup and overthrew Premier Qasim. On
.11.18 of the same year A.S.M. Arif purged the Socialist Arab Rebirth Party. Iraq then came under
the rule of the Arif Family.
|
| 1963.2.27 |
Bosch succeeded as President of the Dominican Republic. During his presidency he
carried out democratic reforms. On .9.25 the rightist military men staged a coup to overthrow
Bosch.
|
| 1963.3.8 |
The Sryian Socialist Arab Rebirth Party united with the Nasserites to launch the "March
3rd Revolution" and seize power. On .7.27 of the same year, the Socialist Arab Rebirth Party
expelled the Nasserites and seized the supreme power.
|
| 1963.3.31 |
13 Guatemalan military officers including Azurdia staged the Military Coup of the
Thirteen Colonels to seize power and established a military dictatorship.
|
| 1963.4.7 |
Yugoslavia passed a new Constitution and implemented a new political system that
decentralized powers to the constituent republics.
|
| 1963.5.25 |
The African countries held the Summit Conference of Independent African States in
Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia and established the Organisation of African Unity
(OAU). The Casablanca and Monrovia Blocs were thus united.
|
| 1963.7.11 |
Jijon, an Ecuadorian military officer, staged a coup and seized power.
|
| 1963.8 |
The Southern Yemen nationalist groups united to establish the National Liberation Front
. On .10.14 of the same year, they rose against British rule.
|
| 1963.8.5 |
USA, Britain and USSR signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which
prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space and underwater. The Cold War entered
the period of Detente.
|
| 1963.8.15 |
Outbreak of the August Revolution of [West] Congo. President Youlou was overthrown.
On the next day Massemba-Debat became the Chairman of National Council of the
Revolution.
|
| 1963.9.16 |
Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak declared independence from Britain and united with Malaya to
form the Federation of Malaysia.
|
| 1963.10.1 |
Nigeria ended its dominion status and established the Federal Republic of Nigeria (First
Republic).
|
| 1963.10.3 |
Arellano, a Honduran military officer, seized power in a coup. Since then Honduras
was under prolonged military dictatorial rule.
|
| 1963.10.27 |
Soglo, a military officer of Dahomey, staged a coup and overthrew the Government of
the Democratic Union. On 1964.1.25 Soglo stepped down and civilian rule was restored. On
1965.11.27 power struggle broke out within the Dahomey Government. On .12.22 Soglo staged the
second coup and seized power.
|
| 1963.11.2 |
Duong Van Minh, a [South] Viet Nam military officer, staged a goup and established a
military government. Since then [South] Viet Nam was under prolonged military dictatorial rule.
On .1.30 of the next year, military officer Nguyen Khanh staged another coup to
overthrow Duong Van Minh.
|
| 1963.12.10 |
Zanzibar gained independence from Britain and adopted a constitutional form of government. On
.1.12 of the next year, the Afro-Shirazi Party of Zanzibar launched the January
Revolution of Zanzibar and overthrew Sultan Jamshid and established a Republican Government.
|
| 1963.12.12 |
Kenya gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Kenya. On
.12.12 of the next year, Kenya ended its dominion status and established the Republic of
Kenya. Kenyatta started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1963.12.31 |
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved.
|
| 1964.1 |
In contention for the Ogaden district, Ethiopia and Somalia entered into the First Ogaden
War. In March of the same year the two countries ceased fire.
|
| 1964.1.1 |
British Honduras, a British colony in Central America, became a British associated
state. On 1973.6.1 British Honduras was renamed Belize.
|
| 1964.1.21 |
The UN forces annihilated Katanga. [East] Congo was thus reunified. In the same year, Gbenye,
leader of the National Movement, rebelled and restarted the civil war. On .9.7 the rebels set up
a government in Stanleyville (the Second Stanelyville Government). On 1965.12.8 USA and
Belgium annihilated the Second Stanelyville Government, thus ending the [East] Congo Civil War.
|
| 1964.4.1 |
Branco, a Brazilian military officer, staged a coup to overthrow President Goulart
and established a military dictatorship. This marked the end of the Second Republic of Brazil and
the beginning of the "Military Republic".
|
| 1964.4.26 |
Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar. On .10.29 the country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania.
|
| 1964.6.2 |
Several Palestinian groups and armed forces united to form the Palestine Liberation
Organization in Eastern Jerusalem to be the representative body of the Palestinians.
|
| 1964.6.15 |
77 countries and districts issued the Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries
in Geneva whereby they formed the Group of Seventy-Seven (G-77) (the membership
increased later) to strive for a New International Economic Order.
|
| 1964.7.6 |
Nyasaland gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Malawi.
Banda started his prolonged rule. On 1966.7.6 Malawi ended its dominion status and
established the Republic of Malawi.
|
| 1964.8.4 |
The USA navy was attacked by the [North] Viet Nam troops in Tonkin Gulf (the Tonkin Gulf
Incident). Thereafter direct conflicts broke out between USA and [North] Viet Nam.
|
| 1964.9.21 |
Malta gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Malta, which
adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1964.9.25 |
The Mozambique Liberation Front rose against Portuguese colonial rule. The
Mozambique War of National Liberation broke out.
|
| 1964.10.14 |
A "palace coup" took place in USSR. Khrushchov, First Secretary of the Communist Party, was
dismissed. Brezhnev succeeded as the the First Secretary. On ..15 of the same month,
Kosygin succeeded as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. On 1965.12.9 Podgorny succeeded as
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. A collective leadership was thus set up and it
came to be known as the "Soviet Triumvirate".
|
| 1964.10.24 |
Northern Rhodesia declared independence from Britain and established the Republic of
Zambia. Kaunda started his prolonged rule. Southern Rhodesia was thus renamed
Rhodesia.
|
| 1964.11.4 |
The Bolivarian armed forces staged a coup to overthrow the Government of the Nationalist
Revolutionary Movement. Thereafter Bolivia came under military rule again.
|
| 1964.12 |
Five Central African countries signed a treaty in Brazzaville whereby they were to
establish a customs and economic union. When the treaty came into effect on 1966.1.1, the
Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC) was formally established.
|
| 1965 |
The "Students for a Democratic Society" of USA initiated a mass campaign to oppose the US
policies on Vietnam War, thus launching the Anti-Vietnam War Movement that spread
throughout USA.
|
| 1965.2.18 |
The Gambia gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of the Gambia
. Jawara started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1965.3.8 |
USA dispatched troops to [South] Viet Nam to suppress the leftist guerillas. The Special
Warfare thus became a Limited War.
|
| 1965.3.19 |
Ceausescu succeeded as General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party. During his
rule he freed Romania from Soviet control and carried out dictatorial rule in his country.
|
| 1965.4.25 |
An uprising against the dictatorial rule broke out in the Dominican Republic. Caamano
, a leftist military man, staged a coup. On ..25 he overthrew the military government and
established a provisional government. Wessin, a rightist military man, rose against the
provisional government and thus led to the Dominican Republic Civil . On ..28 USA
dispatched a troop to the Dominican Republic to intervene in the Civil War. In May there emerged
a leftist and a rightist governments. On .9.3 USA compelled both sides to end the Civil War.
|
| 1965.6.9 |
The Dhofar Liberation Front launched the "June 9th Revolution" in Dhofar of Oman in
opposition to Muscat. In 1968.9 the Front was renamed the Popular Front for the Liberation of the
Occupied Arabian Gulf. In 1971.11 it was further renamed the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Oman and the Arab Gulf.
|
| 1965.6.14 |
Nguyen Van Thieu, a [South] Viet Nam military officer, staged a coup to seize power.
|
| 1965.6.19 |
Boumedienne, an Algerian military officer, staged a coup to overthrow President ben
Bella and made himself Chairman of the Revolutionary Council.
|
| 1965.6.22 |
Japan and [South] Korea concluded the Japan-Korea Basic Treaty. Thereafter
USA, Japan and [South] Korea formed a quasi-military bloc.
|
| 1965.7.26 |
Maldives declared independence from Britain.
|
| 1965.8.4 |
Cook Islands on Pacific Ocean became an associated state of New Zealand.
|
| 1965.8.5 |
India and Pakistan entered into the Second Indo-Pakistani War. On .1.10 of the next
year the two countries signed the Tashkent Declaration and ended the war.
|
| 1965.8.9 |
| Singapore seceded from Malaysia and established the Republic of Singapore
. Lee Kuan Yew, leader of the People's Action Party, started his prolonged rule.
|
 |
|
| 1965.9 |
Portugal, South Africa and Rhodesia agreed to jointly suppress the anti-colonial and
anti-racist struggles in Southern Africa. The bloc was called the "Unholy Alliance" by
historians.
|
| 1965.9.30 |
Untung, an Indonesian leftist military officer, united with the Communist Party to stage the
"September 30th Coup" in an attempt to seize power. Soeharto, a rightist
military officer, suppressed the coup. On .10.1 President Sukarno was forced to hand over his
power to Soeharto, who exercised dictatorial power thereafter.
|
| 1965.11.11 |
The Rhodesian Colonial Government unilaterally declared independence from Britain and
established the Dominion of Rhodesia, which was a White racist regime without
international recognition.
|
| 1965.11.25 |
Mobutu, an [East] Congolese military officer, staged a coup to overthrow President Kasavubu.
He then made himself President and carried out dictatorial rule.
|
| 1965.12.15 |
Four Caribbean nations and regions signed a treaty on Antigua to found the Caribbean Free
Trade Association (CARIFTA).
|
| 1965.12.31 |
Bokassa, a Central African military officer, overthrew President Dacko in a coup and
seized power. On 1966.1.1 Bokassa made himself President and carried out dictatorial rule.
|
| 1966 |
The National Liberation Front of Chad rose against President Tombalbaye. The Chadian
Civil War broke out.
The Colombian Communist Party organised the Revolutionary Armed Forces and started a
guerilla warfare. The Colombian Civil War broke out. Since then there emerged a number
of guerilla groups in Colombia.
|
| 1966.1.4 |
Lamizana, an Upper Volta military officer, seized power in a coup and established a
military government.
|
| 1966.1.16 |
The Nigerian military men of the Ibo tribe, overthrew the First Republic in a coup and
established a military government. On .7.29 of the same year, the northern troops staged another
coup to seize power. Thereafter Nigeria was under military dictatorship.
|
| 1966.2.24 |
The Ghana military men staged a coup to overthrow President Nkhrumah. Since then Ghana was
torn by political unrest and there occurred a number of military coups.
|
| 1966.3.9 |
France withdrew from the integrated NATO command and adopted an independent policy.
|
| 1966.4.28 |
The Zimbabwe African National Union rebelled against the White racist rule of the
Rhodesian Government. The Zimbabwe War of National Liberation brokt out. In 1967.8 the
Zimbabwe Afican People's Union also started their rebellion.
|
| 1966.5 |
Leopoldville, the capital of [East] Congo, was renamed Kinshasa. Thereafter [East]
Congo was also commonly called Congo [Kinshasa].
|
| 1966.5.16 |
Mao Zedong launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China. On .6.1 of
the same year, Red Guards were organised in the whole country and started to seize power
of different levels of government, resulting in a general chaos of the whole country.
|
| 1966.5.26 |
British Guiana gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Guyana
.
|
| 1966.6.28 |
Ongania, an Argentine military officer, seized power in a coup and established a military
dictatorship. Since then Argentina was under military dictatorial rule until 1973. This period
was called the Period of the Argentine Revolution by historians.
|
| 1966.7.8 |
With the support of the military officer Micombero, Prince Ndizeye of Urundi seized
power. On .9.1 of the same year, Ndizeye succeeded to the throne and was renamed Ntare V
. On .11.28 Micombero staged a coup to depose Ntare V. He made himself President and renamed
his country the Republic of Burundi, which was under the one-party rule of the
Union of National Progress.
|
| 1966.8.26 |
The South West African People's Organization rose against the colonial rule of South
Africa. The Namibian War of National Liberation broke out.
|
| 1966.9.27 |
The United Nations proclaimed termination of South Africa's mandate of South West Africa and
resolved that South West Africa shall be administered by the United Nations. Neglecting the
resolution, South Africa continued to occupy South West Africa. On 1968.6.12 the United Nations
formally changed the name of South West Africa to Namibia.
|
| 1966.9.30 |
Bechuanaland declared independence from Britain and established the Republic of Botswana
, which was under the prolonged rule of the Democratic Party.
|
| 1966.10.4 |
Basuto declared independence from Britain and changed the country's name to the Kingdom
of Lesotho, which adopted a constitutional form of government but was in fact under the
dictatorial rule of the Prime Minister Jonathan.
|
| 1966.11.30 |
Barbados gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Barbados,
which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1967.2.27 |
The British colonies in the Caribbean region, including Grenada, British
Dominica, Saint Lucia, Antigua and Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla,
gained the status of associated states. On 1969.10.27 Saint Vincent also gained the
status of an associated state.
|
| 1967.3.12 |
Soeharto, de facto rule of Indonesia, deposed President Sukarno and made himself Acting
President. On .3.27 of the next year he made himself President.
|
| 1967.4.14 |
Military officer Eyadema of Togo staged another coup to seize power. He made himself
President and started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1967.4.21 |
Papadopoulos, a Greek military officer, seized power in a coup. On .12.13 of the
same year, King Konstantinos II fled overseas, which marked the end of Greece (Danish Dynasty).
The military men formed a Regency and carried out dictatorial rule. Papadopoulos became the Prime
Minister.
|
| 1967.5.30 |
Ojukwu, military commander of the Eastern Region of Nigeria, seized control of the Eastern
Region and established the Republic of Biafra. The Biafra War (also called the
Nigerian Civil War) broke out. On .9.20 Okonkwo, a military officer of Biafra, occupied the
Mid-West region of Nigeria and established the Republic of Benin. On ..21 Nigeria
annihilated Benin. On 1970.1.12 Nigeria annihilated Biafra.
|
| 1967.6.5 |
Israel started the Third Arab-Israeli War (also called the Third Middle East War or
the June 5th War). By launching surprise attack against several Arab states, Israel occupied
Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip of Egypt, Golan Heights of Syria, West Bank and Eastern Jerusalem
of Jordan. Thereafter the Palestinian Liberation Organisation was based in Jordan.
|
| 1967.6.6 |
Three east African countries concluded the Treaty for East African Cooperation in
Kampala, capital of Uganda. On .12.1 of the same year the East African Community was
established.
|
| 1967.7 |
The native states of Southern Yemen started to be abolished one by one. On .9.5 of the same
year, the Federation of South Arabia was dissolved. On .11.30 Southern Yemen declared
independence from Britain and established the People's Republic of Southern Yemen.
|
| 1967.7.1 |
EEC, ECSC and ERATOM were united to form the European Community (EC).
|
| 1967.7.12 |
The British dependency of Anguilla on Caribbean Sea unilaterally declared independence from
Britain and established the Anguillan Regime. On 1969.3.19 Britain reconquered Anguilla.
|
| 1967.8.8 |
Five Southeast Asian countries formed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) in Bangkok.
|
| 1967.11.5 |
Abdel Rahman al-Eriani, former Premier of [Northern] Yemen, launched the
November 5th Movement and seized power after overthrowing President as-Sallal.
|
| 1967.11.28 |
Bongo succeeded as President of Gabon and started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1968.1 |
The Khmer Workers' Party (commonly called the Khmer Rouge) started a rebellion in
Cambodia.
|
| 1968.1.1 |
Hungary implemented a new pricing system and launched a comprehensive economic reform.
|
| 1968.1.5 |
Dubcek succeeded as First Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. On .4.8 of
the same year, Dubcek carried out a series of liberalized reforms which came to be known as the
"Prague Spring". On .8.20 the East European countries, under the command of USSR,
invaded Czechoslovakia and suppressed the Prague Spring. On .4.17 of the next year Dubcek was
dismissed.
|
| 1968.1.31 |
The Australian dependency of Nauru in Oceania gained independence from Australia and
established the Republic of Nauru.
|
| 1968.3.12 |
The British dependency of Mauritius in western Indian Ocean gained independence from Britain
and established the Dominion of Mauritius, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1968.4.26 |
The Sierra Leone All People's Congress started its prolonged rule.
|
| 1968.5.3 |
Students' and workers' protests took place in Paris and quickly developed into riots. The
incident was called Storm of May by historians.
|
| 1968.7.1 |
USA, USSR, Britain and other countries signed the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons from nuclear weapons
states to non-nuclear-weapons states.
|
| 1968.7.17 |
al-Bakr, leader of the Iraqi Socialist Arab Rebirth Party, united with military officer
an-Naif to stage a coup and overthrow the rule of the Arif Family. On ..30 of the same month the
Socialist Arab Rebirth Party expelled an-Naif and seized the supreme power.
|
| 1968.7.31 |
Ngouabi, a [West] Congolese military officer, launched the "July 31st Movement"
to overthrow President Massemba-Debat and seized power.
|
| 1968.9.1 |
Velasco succeeded as President of Ecuador. During his presidency he adopted the
populist policy.
|
| 1968.9.6 |
Swazi declared independence from Britain and was renamed the Kingdom of Swaziland,
which adopted a constitutional form of government.
|
| 1968.10 |
The establishment of the Quebecois Party marked the beginning of the Quebec
Independence Movement.
|
| 1968.10.3 |
Velasco, a Peruvian military officer, seized power in a coup. Thereafter Peru was under the
prolonged rule of military governments which adopted nationalist policies. The military rule was
called the Peruvian Revolution bu historians.
|
| 1968.10.12 |
Spanish Guinea, a Spanish dependency in central Africa, declared independence from Spain and
established the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Masie became the President.
|
| 1968.10.11 |
Torrijos, a Panamanian military officer, seized power in a coup. During his rule he
carried out nationalist policies.
|
| 1968.10.12 |
Traore, a Mali military officer, seized power in a coup and started his prolonged
rule.
|
| 1968.10.31 |
USA ceased the bombing of [North] Viet Nam and ended the Limited War. On .1.20 of the next
year, USA and [South] Viet Nam commenced the Paris Peace Talks with [North] Viet Nam and
Viet Nam South. On .7.25 USA President Nixon proposed the Vietnamization of the Vietnam War and
the plan of retreating USA troops from Vietnam. This policy came to be known as the Nixon
Doctrine.
|
| 1969.2.2 |
| Arafat became the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
|
 |
|
| 1969.5.25 |
Nimeiry, an [East] Sudanese military officer, staged a coup to seize power.
|
| 1969.5.26 |
Five South American countries signed the Andean Pact in Cartagena of Colombia
and established the Andean Group.
|
| 1969.6.4 |
Honduras issued an order to check the influx of Salvadorian migrants and led to conflicts
between the two countries. Later a conflict between the soccer players of the two countries
aggravated the tension. On .7.14 of the same year, el Salvador invaded Honduras and the
Soccer War (also called the Hundred Hours' War) broke out. On ..30 the Salvadorian armies
retreated.
|
| 1969.6.8 |
The Viet Nam South National Liberation Front established the Republican Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Viet Nam South Regime.
|
| 1969.6.22 |
Rubayyi, radical leader of the Southern Yemen National Liberation Front launched the
Southern Yemen Correction Movement (also called the "June 22nd Coup") to seize power.
|
| 1969.7.16 |
The USA astronauts successfully landed on the Moon, demonstrating that USA had overtaken USSR
in the competition of aeronautical technology.
|
| 1969.9.1 |
| Omar Muammar al-Qaddafi, head of the Libyan Free Officers, launched
the "September 1st Revolution". He overthrew King Idris and established a Republican
Government. |
 |
|
| 1969.10 |
The USA Department of Defense successfully devised a computer network, which was developed
into the Internet subsequently. This marked the beginning of the Information Age
.
|
| 1969.10.21 |
Brandt succeeded as Chancellor of [West] Germany. During his tenure he pushed on the
"Ostpolitik" to improve relation with USSR and East Europe.
Siyad, a Somali military officer, staged the October Coup of Somalia and seized
power.
|
| 1970 |
Guerilla activities arose in el Salvador, which marked the beginning of the Salvadorian
Civil War.
|
| 1970.2.23 |
Guyana ended its dominion status and established the Co-operative Republic of Guyana
.
|
| 1970.3 |
[Northern] Yemen and Saudi Arabia concluded peace, which ended the civil war between the
royalists and the Republican Government of [Northern] Yemen.
|
| 1970.3.18 |
Prime Minister Lon Nol of Cambodia staged the "March 18th Coup" to
overthrow Sihanouk, the Head of State. On .4.30 of the same year, USA dispatched troops to help
the Lon Nol administration suppress the leftist guerillas in Cambodia and [South] Viet Nam. The
First Cambodian War broke out. On .5.5 Sihanouk formed the Royal Government of
National Union of Cambodia (Government-in-Exile) with the Khmer Communist Party in China.
On .10.9 Lon Nol renamed his country the Khmer Republic.
|
| 1970.4.24 |
[North] Viet Nam, Viet Nam South, the Laotian People's Party and the Royal Government of
National Union of Cambodia held the Summit Meeting of Indochinese Peoples in the border
area between China, Vietnam and Laos. The participants issued a joint declaration which
proclaimed their concerted efforts in resisting USA.
The Gambia ended its dominion status and established the Republic of the Gambia.
|
| 1970.6.4 |
Tonga declared independence from Britain.
|
| 1970.7.23 |
| Prince Qabus of Muscat seized power in a coup. On .8.9 of the same
year he renamed his country the Sultanate of Oman. |
 |
|
| 1970.9 |
Conflicts broke out between the Jordan Government and the Palestinian Liberation
Organisation, which was forced to move its headquarters to Lebanon.
|
| 1970.10.10 |
Fiji Islands gained independence from Britain and established the Fijian Regime,
which was a British dominion.
|
| 1970.11.3 |
Allende succeeded as President of Chile. During his presidency he carried out
leftist policies which led to economic turmoil.
|
| 1970.11.13 |
Hafez al-Assad, a Syrian military officer, launched the Syrian Correction
Movement to seize power.
|
| 1970.11.30 |
Southern Yemen was renamed the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen ([Southern] Yemen)
.
|
| 1971 |
The environmentalists of USA and Canada established the Green Peace in New Zealand.
This marked the beginning of the green peace movement of the Western countries.
|
| 1971.1.25 |
Amin, a Ugandan military officer, staged the January Coup of Uganda to
seize power and established a dictatorship.
|
| 1971.3.26 |
The People's League of Eastern Pakistan unilaterally proclaimed secession of Eastern
Pakistan from Pakistan and established the People's Republic of Bangladesh. On .11.21 of
the same year, India dispatched troops to support Bangladesh. The Third Indo-Pakistani War
broke out. On .12.20 the Pakistani military government stepped down. Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto, leader of the People's Party, succeeded as President.
|
| 1971.4.19 |
Sierra Leone ended its dominion status and established the Republic of Sierra Leone.
|
| 1971.8.14 |
Bahrain declared independence from Britain. On .9.1 of the same year Qatar also declared
independence from Britain.
|
| 1971.8.15 |
USA proclaimed end of the direct connection between the US dollars and gold. The Bretton
Woords System collapsed.
|
| 1971.8.21 |
Banzer, a Bolivian military officer, staged a coup to seize power.
|
| 1971.9 |
The Khmer Workers' Party was renamed the Communist Party of Cambodia.
|
| 1971.9.1 |
The United Arab Republic was renamed the Arab Republic of Egypt.
|
| 1971.9.3 |
USA, Britain, France and USSR concluded the Berlin Agreement, which finalized
the relationship between West Berlin and [West] Germany. The Berlin problem was thus resolved. In
December next year [West] Germany and [East] Germany concluded the Basic Treaty
to establish mutual recognition between the two countries.
|
| 1971.9.8 |
Lin Biao, Vice-Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, conspired a coup. On ..11 of the same
month his conspiracy failed. On ..13 Lin Biao died in an air crash in Mongolia when he tried to
flee by air. This incident was called the "September 13th Incident" by historians.
|
| 1971.10.25 |
The United Nations passed a resolution that the Chinese seat in UN currently occupied by the
Republic of China shall be replaced by the Peoples's Republic of China.
|
| 1971.10.27 |
[East] Congo was renamed the Republic of Zaire.
|
| 1971.12.2 |
Six states of Trucial Oman (including Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain and
Fujairah) declared independence from Britain and united to form the United Arab Emirates
(UAE). On .2.11 Ras al-Khaimah also declared independence and was incorporated into the UAE.
|
| 1972.1 |
President Nimeiry of [East] Sudan organised the Socialist Union and established
one-party rule in the country. In March of the same year, he concluded peace with the rebellious
groups in Southern Sudan and granted autonomous rights to Southern Sudan, thus ending the First
Sudanese Civil War.
|
| 1972.1.1 |
Egypt, Libya and Syria united to form the Federation of Arab Republics, a
confederation in which the member states maintained their independent status.
|
| 1972.2.1 |
The petroleum producing countries in the Persian Gulf region demanded increasing their shares in
the Western transnational petroleum corporations. Thereafter the petroleum producing countries in the
Persian Gulf region gradually resumed control of their petroleum resources and thus greatly
increased their national incomes.
|
| 1972.2.15 |
Lara, an Ecuadorian military officer, staged a coup and overthrew President Velasco.
Thereafter the military governments carried out nationalist policies.
|
| 1972.2.28 |
China and USA issued the Shanghai Joint Communique, by which USA recognized
the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China. This marked the
beginning of detente between the two countries.
|
| 1972.5.15 |
USA returned the Okinawa Island of the Ryukyu Islands to Japan, thus ending USA's occupation
of Japanese territories.
|
| 1972.5.22 |
A new Constitution was ratified in Ceylon, which was renamed the Sri Lankan Regime.
The Constitution established the superior status of the Sinhalese and cancelled the provisions
that protected minorities. In the same month the Tamils of Sri Lanka organised the Tamil
United Front and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in opposition to the Sri
Lankan Government.
|
| 1972.5.26 |
USA and USSR signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, which limited the
anti-ballistic missile systems of the two countries.
|
| 1972.6.1 |
USA and USSR signed the First Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I),
which limited the number of nuclear arms of the two countries.
|
| 1972.6.17 |
Five staff members of the Committee to Re-Elect the President of the USA Republican Party
were suspected of eavesdropping the electioneering strategies of the Democratic Party in the
Watergate Complex of Washington and were arrested. The incident became the Watergate Scandal
. On 1974.8.9 President Nixon resigned because of the scandal.
|
| 1972.7.2 |
India and Pakistan concluded the Simla Agreement to gradually reestablish
their relationship and end the Third Indo-Pakistani War.
|
| 1972.9.23 |
By staging a "self-coup", President Marcos of the Philippines proclaimed military
rule and established a dictatorship.
|
| 1972.10 |
President Pak Chung Hee of [South] Korea staged a Revitalization Coup and suspended
the Constitution. On ..17 of the same month, he promulgated the "Revitalization Constitution"
.
The Moros in southern Philippines formed the Moro National Liberation Front to fight for
independence by violent means.
A number of countries signed the Convention on the Prohibition of Bacteriological
(Biological) and Toxin Weapons.
|
| 1972.10.26 |
Kerekou, a military officer of Dahomey, seized power in a coup and carried out
dictatorial rule.
|
| 1972.12.4 |
Arellano, former President of Honduras, staged another coup to regain power.
|
| 1973.1.27 |
[North] Viet Nam, Viet Nam South, [South] Viet Nam and USA concluded the Paris
Agreement, by which the belligerents ceased fire. On .2.21 of the same year, the Laotian
Government concluded the Vientiane Agreement, which provided for ceasefire of
both parties. On .3.29 the USA withdrew all its troops from [South] Viet Nam. But the civil war
between the [South] Viet Nam Government and Viet Nam South continued.
|
| 1973.3 |
USA ended the fixed exchange rate between the US dollars and other currencies. Thereafter the
major currencies in the world adopted a system of flexible exchange rate.
|
| 1973.3.10 |
Deng Xiaoping became Vice-Premier of China and took care of the daily
administratative issues. On .8.30 of the same year, Jiang Qing and three other ultra-leftists
entered the Politburo of the Communist Party and were called the "Gang of Four". Power
struggle within the Communist Party was intensified.
|
| 1973.5.25 |
The Argentine military government stepped down, which marked the end of the Argentine
Revolution. Campora, leader of the Justicalist Party, succeeded as President. On .6.20
of the same year, former President Juan Peron returned to the country and held real power. On
.10.12 Peron became the President again. When Juan Peron died on 1974.7.1, his wife Martinez
de Peron succeeded as President.
|
| 1973.6 |
President Bordaberry of Uruguay united with the armed forces to stage a self-coup
and established a dictatorship. On 1976.7.13 Bordaberry was forced to step down by the armed
forces, who then took over the power.
|
| 1973.6.1 |
The monarchical system of Greece was abolished and replaced by the Third Greek Republic
. In a coup that took place on .11.25 of the same year, President Papadopoulos was
overthrown. On 1974.7.23 the military government collapsed. A democratic government was set up in
Greece, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1973.6.13 |
al-Hamdi, a [Northern] Yemen military officer, launched the [Northern] Yemen
Correction Movement. After overthrowing al-Iriani, Chairman of the Republican Council, he
seized the supreme power.
|
| 1973.7.3 |
The European and North American countries held the Conference on Security and Cooperation
in Europe (CSCE), which aimed for reconciliation between the Communist and Western Blocs.
|
| 1973.7.5 |
Habyarimana, a Rwandan military officer, staged the "July 5th Coup" to
seize power and started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1973.7.10 |
Bahamas, a British dependency on Caribbean Sea, gained independence from Britain and
established the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, which was a British dominion that adopted a
parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1973.7.17 |
Daud, former Prime Minister of Afghanistan, staged the "July 17th Coup" and
overthrew the Zahir Dynasty. He established a Republican Government and carried out dictatorial
rule.
|
| 1973.8.1 |
The Caribbean Free Trade Association was reorganised as the Caribbean Community and
Common Market (CARICOM). |
| 1973.8.13 |
The parliamentary cabinet system was restored in Pakistan.
|
| 1973.8.25 |
The Zambian United National Independence Party established one-party rule in the
country.
|
| 1973.9.11 |
Pinochet, a Chilean military officer, staged the "September 11th Coup" and
overthrew President Allende. After seizing power, he established a dictatorship.
|
| 1973.9.24 |
The African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde unilaterally declared the
independence of Portuguese Guinea and established the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. Cabral,
leader of the Independence Party, became the Chairman of the Council of State and established
one-party rule in the country. On .9.10 of the next year, Portugal recognized the independence of
Guinea-Bissau, which marked the end of the Guinea-Bissau War of National Liberation.
|
| 1973.10.6 |
Egypt and Syria jointly started the Fourth Arab-Israeli War (also called the Fourth
Middle East War or October War) and launched an attack against Israel. Soon they suffered a
setback. On ..17 of the same month the Arab petroleum exporting countries resolved to wage the
"Oil War" on the Western countries by reducing oil supply and raising the prices of
crude oil. The action led to the Oil Crisis. Economic crises broke out in the Western
countries from December onwards.
|
| 1973.11.13 |
France convened the First Franco-African Summit with parts of the African countries
in Paris, in an attempt to reestablish its influence in Africa.
|
| 1973.12 |
With the Constitution of Bahrain taking effect, a constitutional form of government was
established. On .4.2 of the next year, Qatar also promulgated a Provisional Constitution and
adopted a constitutional form of government.
|
| 1974.1.12 |
Tunisia and Libya united to form the Arab Islamic Republic, a confederation in which
the two member states maintained their independent status. With the withdrawal of Tunisia on ..14
of the same month, the Arab Islamic Republic disintegrated.
|
| 1974.2.7 |
Grenada gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Grenada,
which came under the dictatorial rule of the United Labour Party after independence.
|
| 1974.4.15 |
Kountche, a military officer of Miger, overthrew the Government of the Progressive
Party in a coup and seized power. Thereafter Niger was under prolonged military rule.
|
| 1974.4.25 |
The Portuguese Armed Forces Movement staged the Carnation Revolution (also called
the "April 25th Coup" and overthrew the Government of the National Union. This marked the
end of the Second Portuguese Republic and the beginning of the Third Portuguese Republic
.
|
| 1974.7.15 |
Greece induced the Cypriot National Guards to stage the "July 15th Coup" and
overthrow President Makarios III, who was succeeded by Sampson. On ..20 of the same month, Turkey
dispatched troops to occupy the northern part of Cyprus, thus creating the situation of a Cyprus
divided among the Greeks and Turks. On ..23 Sampson was expelled. On .12.7 Makarios III was
restored to the presidency.
|
| 1974.9.1 |
Sikkim came under complete control of India and became its associated state. On .5.16 of the
next year India annexed Sikkim.
|
| 1974.9.12 |
The Ethiopian Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army
launched the September Revolution of Ethiopia. They deposed Emperor Haile
Selassie, overthrew the Solomonic Dynasty and established the Republican Government. On .3.21 of
the next year, the new Government foramlly abrogated the imperial system and started to carry out
radical reforms.
|
| 1974.10.19 |
The Pacific island of Niue became an associated state of New Zealand.
|
| 1974.11 |
Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana formed the African Frontline States (later joined by
Mozambique, Angola and Zimbabwe) to jointly oppose the racist rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.
|
| 1974.12.13 |
Malta ended its dominion status and established the Republic of Malta.
|
| 1974.12.19 |
Cape Verde Islands became a Portuguese autonomous republic and established the Republic
of Cape Verde. On .7.5 of the next year, Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal.
The African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde became the ruling parties of
Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde.
|
| 1975 |
Oman crushed the Dhofar rebellion.
|
| 1975.1.25 |
Mujibur, head of the Bangladesh People's League, became the President. In February
of the same year, the People's League was reorganised as the Peasants, Workers and People's
League. On .8.5 the Peasants, Workers and People's League proclaimed one-party rule. In
the "August 15th Coup that happened on .8.15, Mujibur was killed. On .11.6 the
Government of the Peasants, Workers and People's League was overthrown. Since then Bangladesh
came under military rule and was torn by political unrest.
|
| 1975.2.13 |
Turkey installed the Northern Cypriot Regime in the northern part of Cyprus without
international recognition.
|
| 1975.2.28 |
The EC countries concluded the Lome Agreement with a number of African,
Caribbean and Pacific countries in Lome, capital of Togo whereby the EC was to grant preferential
economic and trade conditions to these countries. This marked the beginning of the Regional
North-South Talks.
|
| 1975.3 |
Conflicts between the Angolan Popular Liberation Movement (MPLA) and the National Front for
the Liberation (FNLA) led to the outbreak of the Angolan Civil War. On .8.1 of the same
year the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda unilaterally declared the
independence of Cabinda, part of the Portuguese colony of Angola, from Portugal and established
the Republic of Cabinda. On .11.11 the MPLA declared the independence of Angola from
Portugal and established the Angolan Regime (Central Government), which was under the
one-party rule of MPLA. On the same day, the FNLA and the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola (UNITA) declared the establishment of the National Revolutionary
Council in opposition to the Central Government. Cuba dispatched troops to support Angola
(Central Government).
|
| 1975.4.5 |
Upon death of President Chiang Kai-shek of China (Taiwan Government), Yen Chia-kan succeeded
to the presidency. But real power was held by the President of the Executive Yuan, Chiang
Ching-kuo, Chiang Kai-shek's son, thus forming the "Chiang's Dynasty".
|
| 1975.4.13 |
Conflicts between the Christians and Muslims in Lebanon led to the outbreak of the
Lebanese Civil War.
The Chadian armed forces staged the April Coup of Chad to overthrow President
Tombalbaye. Subsequently the National Liberation Front split into factions. Civil war restarted
in the next year.
|
| 1975.4.17 |
The Cambodian Communist Party captured the capital Phnom Penh and overthrew the Khmer
Republic. The Kingdom of Cambodia was restored, but was under the one-party rule of the Communist
Party.
|
| 1975.4.30 |
Having captured Saigon, the Viet Nam South Regime overthrew the [South] Viet Nam Government
and seized control of the southern part of Vietnam. On .7.2 of the next year, Viet Nam South and
[North] Viet Nam united to form the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and thus reunify
Vietnam.
|
| 1975.5 |
The economic crises of the Western countries came to an end. Thereafter the Western countries
entered a stage in which economic stagnation and inflation coexisted, which came to be known as
"stagflation".
|
| 1975.5.28 |
15 West African countries established the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) in Lagos.
|
| 1975.6.6 |
A number of African, Caribbean and Pacific developing countries established the African,
Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP) in Georgetown of Guyana to coordinate their
negotiations with the developed countries.
|
| 1975.6.15 |
Ratsiraka seized the supreme power of Malagasy. On .12.30 of the same year, he
renamed his country as the Madagascaran Regime.
|
| 1975.6.25 |
Mozambique declared independence from Portugal and established the Mozambique Regime
(Central Government), thus ending the Mozambique War of National Liberation. The Liberation
Front established a one-party rule in the country. In the next year, the National Resistance led
by Dhlakama started a rebellion and established the National Resistance Government in
opposition to the Central Government. The Mozambique Civil War broke out.
|
| 1975.7.6 |
Anjouan, Moheli and Grande Comore of the Comoros Islands declared independence from France
and established the Comoros Regime, with Abderemane being the President of the
Government (he changed his title to Head of State on the next day); while Mayotte remained under
French rule. On .8.3 of the same year, Soilih, leader of the United National Front,
staged the August Coup of Comoros to overthrow Abderemane and seize power.
|
| 1975.7.12 |
The Portuguese dependency of Sao Tome and Principe Islands in central Africa declared
independence from Portugal and established the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
, which was under the one-party rule of the Liberation Movement.
|
| 1975.9.1 |
Bougainville, an island under the Australian dependency of Papua New Guinea, unilaterally
declared independence and established the Republic of the North Solomons. On ..16 of the
same month Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia and established the
Independent State of Papua New Guinea, a British dominion.
|
| 1975.10.17 |
23 Latin American countries formed the Latin American Economic System (SELA) to
promote economic integration of the Latin American countries.
|
| 1975.10.30 |
Franco, the Spanish Head of State for life, was unable to attend to his official duties
because of ill health and died on .11.20 of the same year. On ..22 Juan Carlos I became
King of Spain and restored Spain (Bourbon Dynasty).
|
| 1975.11.25 |
Suriname declared independence from the Netherlands.
|
| 1975.11.28 |
The Revolutionary Front for the Independence of East Timor declared the independence
of East Timor, a Portuguese dependency in the Malay Archipelago and established the
Democratic Republic of East Timor. The Timorese Democratic Union and the People's Democracy
Association of Timor denied recognition of the independence and demanded annexation with
Indonesia. On .12.7 of the same year, Indonesia invaded East Timor. On ..17 Indonesia installed a
Provisional Government formed by the People's Democracy Association. On 1976.7.17 Indonesia
proclaimed annexation of East Timor. But the Revolutionary Front continued their resistance
against Indonesia until 1978.12.31 when their resistance was finally crushed by Indonesia.
|
| 1975.11.30 |
Dahomey was renamed the Benin Regime. President Kerekou organised the Popular
Revolutionary Party and established one-party rule in the country.
|
| 1975.12.2 |
The "Seizure of Power Campaign" launched by the Laotian People's Revolutionary Party
was successful. The monarchy was abolished and supplanted by a Republican Government under the
one-party rule of the People's Revolutionary Party. This marked the end of the Second Laotian
Civil War and the Second Indochina War.
|
| 1975.12.16 |
The developing and developed countries held the Conference on International Economic
Cooperation in Paris, which marked the beginning of the Global North-South Talks.
|
| 1976 |
The National Liberation Front of Corsica was founded on Corsica. Aiming for
independence by violent means, the Front became a terrorist organisation later.
|
| 1976.1 |
Angola (Central Government) annexed Cabinda. On .2.11 of the same year, the National
Revolutionary Council was dissolved. But the National Front for the Liberation and the National
Union for the Total Independence of Angola continued their resistance against the Central
Government.
|
| 1976.1.2 |
Britain abolished the British Western Pacific Territories.
|
| 1976.1.8 |
Premier Zhou Enlai died. On .4.5 of the same year, the people mourning the death of Zhou
Enlai in the Tiananmen Square of Beijing condemned the Gang of Four and were suppressed by the
Gang ("April 5th Tiananmen Square Incident"). On ..7 Deng Xiaoping was dimissed from all
of his positions. On .9.9 Mao Zedong died. On .10.6 Ye Jianying, a senior leader of the Communist
Party, ordered the arrest of the Gang of Four. This marked the end of the Cultural Revolution.
|
| 1976.2.26 |
When Spain withdrew from Western Sahara, Morocco and Mauritania occupied the northern and
southern parts of Western Sahara, respectively. On .2.29 of the same year, the Popular Front
for the Liberation of Seguia el-Hamra y Rio de Oro (commonly known as Polisario) established
the Government-in-Exile of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic in Algeria in
opposition to Morocco and Mauritania. The Western Saharan War broke out.
|
| 1976.3.24 |
The Argentine armed forces staged a coup to overthrow President Martinez de Peron. After
seizing power they carried out oppressive rule, which was called the "Dirty War" by
historians.
|
| 1976.4 |
Syria occupied northern Lebanon.
|
| 1976.6.29 |
The British dependency of Seychelles in western Indian Ocean declared independence from
Britain and established the Republic of Seychelles.
|
| 1976.7.5 |
A democratic system was restored in Spain, which then adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
On ..23 of the same month, the Portugueses military cabinet was replaced by a party cabinet. The
parliamentary cabinet system was gradually established in Portugal.
|
| 1976.8.1 |
Trinidad ended its dominion status and established the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
.
|
| 1976.10.6 |
Sa-ngad, a Thai military officer, seized power in a coup.
|
| 1976.10.26 |
South Africa proclaimed the independence of the black homeland Transkei and established the
Republic of Transkei without international recognition.
|
| 1976.11.1 |
Bagaza, a Burundian military officer, staged a coup to overthrow President Micombero
and seize power.
|
| 1976.12.4 |
President Bokassa of Central Africa changed his title to Emperor.
|
| 1976.12.24 |
The activists fighting for the independence of the Aceh Province formed the Free Aceh
Movement and started a rebellion against the Indonesian Government.
|
| 1977.1 |
| Havel and other Czechoslovak liberals, issued Charter 77 to
oppose Soviet control and struggle for democracy and liberty. They launched the Charter 77
Movement, which was suppressed by the Government in the same year. |
 |
|
| 1977.3 |
The Communist Parties of Italy, France and Spain issued a joint declaration which proclaimed
the birth of Eurocommunism.
|
| 1977.3.2 |
The Federation of Arab Republics was disbanded.
al-Qaddafi, Chairman of the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council, issued the Declaration of
People's Power and established a "jamahiriya" (= state of the masses) by replacing
the ruling party and various levels of goveernment with various levels of people's congresses and
people's committees.
|
| 1977.3.8 |
Angola induced the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (i.e. activists
fighting for the independence of Katanga) to launch the First Shaba War and attack the
Shaba Provnice (formerly called the Katanga Province). On .5.28 of the same year, with the
support of the Western countries, Zaire expelled the armed forces of the Front.
|
| 1977.6.5 |
The People's Unity Party of Seychelles staged a coup to seize power. In 1978.6 the
party was renamed the Progressive Front of the Seychelles People. In 1979.3 one-party
rule was established in the country.
|
| 1977.6.16 |
Podgorny, Chairman of the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was dismissed. Brezhnev,
General Secretary of the Communist Party, became the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet, thus holding the supreme powers of both the party and state.
|
| 1977.6.27 |
French Territory of the Afars and Issas (formerly called French Somaliland) gained
independence from France and established the Republic of Djibouti. Gouled
started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1977.7 |
Viet Nam and Laos signed the Lao-Vietnamese Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
, by which Laos became a Vietnamese client state.
Conflicts broke out in the Ogaden region between Ethiopia and Somalia again. The Second
Ogaden War broke out. In the next year Ethiopia expelled the Somali troops from Ogaden.
|
| 1977.7.5 |
Zia-ul-Haq, a Pakistani military officer, staged coup to overthrow Premier Z.A.
Bhutto and seize power.
|
| 1977.9.7 |
USA and Panama concluded the Panama Canal Treaty, which provided that Panama
shall gradually resumed the administration of the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone by Panama and
completely resumed the sovereignty on 1999.12.31.
|
| 1977.11.19 |
President Sadat of Egypt made an unexpected visited to Israel and declared Egypt's
willingness to negotiate peace, which led to a breakthrough in the relation between the two
countries. On .12.2 of the same year, Libya summoned a meeting with the radical Arab states
(including Syria, Algeria, [Southern] Yemen). They formed a united front and proclaimed their
standpoint of rejecting any compromise with Israel. The Arab world thus split into the radical
and the moderate countries.
|
| 1977.12.6 |
South Africa proclaimed the independence of the black homeland Bophuthatswana and established
the Republic of Bophuthatswana without international recognition.
|
| 1978.1.9 |
Mariana Islands ended the status as a trust territory and became a USA commonwealth with
autonomous power. The territory was renamed the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana.
|
| 1978.3.14 |
The First Israeli Invasion of Lebanon (also called the Lebanese War, the Fifth
Arab-Israeli War or the Fifth Middle East War) took place. In June of the same year, Israel was
compelled to withdraw its troops. But it set up a Free Lebanon Region in southern
Lebanon and placed it under the control of the pro-Israeli militia.
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| 1978.4.27 |
The Afghan People's Democratic Party launched the April Revolution of
Afghanistan (also called the "April 27th Coup") and overthrew President Daud. On ..30 of the
same month, one-party rule was established, with real power being held by the Khalq Faction of
the Party.
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| 1978.5.11 |
The Front for the National Liberation of the Congo launched the Second Shaba War and
attacked the Shaba Province of Zaire again. In the same month several Western countries
dispatched troops to help Zaire expel the Front.
|
| 1978.5.13 |
Abderemane, former Head of State of Comoros, overthrew President Soilih in a coup and
regained power.
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| 1978.6.26 |
A factional struggle broke out between Rubayyi, Chairman of the Presidential Council and
Ismail, General Secretary of the National Front. Rubayyi was killed. The incident came to be
known as the "June 26th Bloody Incident of Aden".
|
| 1978.7.7 |
The Solomon Islands gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of
Solomon Islands, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
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| 1978.7.10 |
Salek, a Mauritanian military officer, overthrew the Government of the People's
Party in a coup and established a military government. Thereafter Mauritania was under prolonged
military rule.
|
| 1978.8.22 |
President Kenyatta of Kenya died. On .10.14 of the same year, Moi succeeded to the
presidency and started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1978.9.17 |
Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Accords in USA and agreed upon certain
principles of the peace treaty. On .3.26 of the next year, the peace treaty was concluded.
Thereafter Israel started to withdraw its troops from the Sinai Peninsula. The withdrawal was
completed in 1982.
|
| 1978.10.1 |
Tuvalu Islands (formerly called the Ellice Islands) gained independence from Britain and
established the Dominion of Tuvalu.
|
| 1978.11 |
Big character posters commenting on current affairs began to appear on the "Democracy Wall"
in Xidan, Beijing, China. Later the activities developed into the "Beijing Spring" Movement
that strived for democracy.
|
| 1978.11.3 |
British Dominica declared independence from Britain and was then renamed the
Commonwealth of Dominica, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1978.11.11 |
Gayoom became President of Maldives and started his prolonged rule.
|
| 1978.11.21 |
A.S. Toure, President of Guinea, declared integration of the ruling party and the state and
established the People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea.
|
| 1978.12.18 |
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party confirmed
the adoption of the reform and open policy, which came to be known as the "Third Plenary
Session Line".
|
| 1978.12.25 |
Viet Nam invaded Cambodia and led to the Third Indochina War (also called the Second
Cambodian War). On 1979.1.7 the Vietnamese troops captured Phnom Penh and overthrew the
Government of the Cambodian Communist Party. They then installed a one-party government formed by
the People's Revolutionary Party of Cambodia. The Cambodian Communist Party retreated to
the frontier to resist the Vietnamese.
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| 1979 |
A report published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development put Hong
Kong, Taiwan, [South] Korea and Singapore on the list of "new industrialized countries". Since
then these four countries and regions came to be known as Asia's Four Little Dragons.
|
| 1979.1.16 |
| When an uprising broke out in Iran, King Mohammad Reza fled overseas. On .2.1
Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Shiahs, returned to Iran. On .2.5 he launched the
Islamic Revolution of Iran and overthrew Iran (Pehlevi Dynasty). Khomeini became the Rahbar
(= Supreme Leader) and established a theocracy by applying the principles of Islamic
Fundamentalism in his rule. On .11.4 radical Iranian students occupied the USA embassy in
Iran and held a number of USA hostages. |
 |
|
| 1979.2.17 |
The border disputes between China and Viet Nam led to the Sino-Vietnames War, which
was ended on .3.5 of the same year.
|
| 1979.2.22 |
Saint Lucia gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Saint Lucia
, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1979.3 |
The opposition groups of Uganda formed the National Liberation Front and rose against
President Amin. The Ugandan Civil War broke out. On .4.13 of the same year, Amin was
overthrown. Subsequently factional struggles broke out among the opposition groups and led to
political instability and the continuation of the Civil War.
|
| 1979.3.13 |
Bishop, head of the New Jewel Movement of Grenada, seized power in a coup. He made
himself Prime Minister and carried out leftist policies.
|
| 1979.5.1 |
Greenland became a self-governing country of Denmark.
USA granted autonomy to Marshall Islands, one of its trust territories and established the
Republic of Marshall Islands. On ..10 of the same month, USA united Kosrae, Ponape, Truk
and Yap of the Caroline Islands as the Federated States of Micronesia, which started to
exercise internal self-rule.
|
| 1979.5.4 |
| Thatcher succeeded as Prime Minister of Britain. During her tenure
she adopted the neo-conservative policies based on "Monetarism", which came to be known as
Thatcherism. |
 |
|
| 1979.6.1 |
The Rhodesian White Government implemented the "internal settlement" by appointing
Muzorewa as Prime Minister and forming a Black Government. The country was also renamed
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, but without international recognition. On .12.12 of the same year,
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia terminated its independent status and reverted to colonial status.
|
| 1979.6.4 |
Rawlings, a military officer of Ghana, seized power in a coup. On .9.24 he returned
power to a civilian government. On 1981.12.31 he seized power again in another coup and started
his prolonged rule.
|
| 1979.6.18 |
USA and USSR concluded the Second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II),
which placed limitation on the offensive nuclear arms of the two countries.
|
| 1979.7.12 |
Gilbert Islands declared independence from Britain and established the Republic of
Kiribati.
|
| 1979.7.16 |
Saddam succeeded as President of Iraq and carried out dictatorial rule.
|
| 1979.7.17 |
When the Sandinist National Liberation Front of Nicaragua captured the capital Managua, the
rule of the Somoza Family collapsed. On ..20 the Sandinist National Liberation Front seized
power. Thereafter the Front carried out leftist radical reforms and supported the leftist
guerillas in the Central American countries, leading to the Central American Crisis.
|
| 1979.8.3 |
Obiang, a military officer of Equatorial Guinea, staged a coup to overthrow
President Masie and seize power.
|
| 1979.8.5 |
Mauritania withdrew from the southern part of Western Sahara, which was then annexed by
Morocco.
|
| 1979.9.13 |
South Africa proclaimed the independence of the black homeland Venda and established the
Republic of Venda without international recognition.
|
| 1979.9.20 |
Dacko, former President of Central Africa, staged a coup to overthrow Emperor
Bokassa. After restoring the republic, Dacko became President again.
|
| 1979.9.21 |
Jose Eduardo dos Santos succeeded as President of Angola and started his prolonged
rule.
|
| 1979.10.1 |
Civilian rule was restored in Nigeria, which marked the beginning of the Second Republic
of Nigeria.
|
| 1979.10.15 |
A group of young Salvadorian military officers staged a coup to overthrow the Government of
the National Conciliation Party.
|
| 1979.10.26 |
President Park Chung Hee of [South] Korea was assassinated. On .12.12 military officer
Chun Doo Hwan staged the "December 12th Coup" to seize power and established his
personal dictatorship. On 1980.5.21 the Kwangju Uprising broke out in opposition to the
military government, which crushed the uprising on ..27.
|
| 1979.10.27 |
Saint Vincent gained independence from Britain and established the Dominion of Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, which adopted a parliamentary cabinet system.
|
| 1979.11.26 |
The International Olympic Committee passed a resolution that recognized the Chinese Olympic
Committee based in Beijing as the Olympic Committee representing China. The Olympic Committee
based in Taipei shall be renamed the "Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee". Thereafter China (Taiwan
Government) participated in international issues in the name of "Chinese Taipei".
|
| 1979.12.27 |
Power struggle arose between the Khalq Faction and the Parcham Faction of the Afghan People's
Democratic Party. Seizing the opportunity to invade Afghanistan, USSR toppled the Government of
the Khalq Faction and put the Parcham Faction to power. The Afghan populace rose against
Soviet invasion and formed various Mujahideen organisations. The Soviet-Afghan War broke
out.
|
| 1980.1.5 |
Viet Nam held the Conference of Indochinese Foreign Ministers with Laos and Cambodia
(Government of the People's Revolutionary Party) and formed the Indochinese Bloc.
|
| 1980.2.25 |
Bouterse, a Suriname military officer, seized power in a coup. Thereafter Bouterse
was in power for a prolonged period.
|
| 1980.4.1 |
Nine countries in Southern Africa established the Southern African Development
Coordination Conference (SADCC).
|
| 1980.4.12 |
Doe, head of the Liberian Sergeant Group, staged a coup to overthrow the Government
of the True Whig Party, marking the end of the First Republic of Liberia and the beginning of the
Second Republic of Liberia.
|
| 1980.4.18 |
| zimbabwe-Rhodesia declared independence from Britain and established the
Republic of Zimbabwe with a Black majority government. The Zimbabwe War of National
Liberation came to an end. Mugabe, head of the African National Union, started his
prolonged rule. |
 |
|
| 1980.5.4 |
Upon death of President Tito of Yugoslavia, a collective leadership system was adopted in
Yugoslavia. Thereafter national conflicts within the country were aggravated. A sense of
separatism grew in the contituent republics.
|
| 1980.7.1 |
| General strikes broke out in Poland. On .8.17 the factory workers in Gdansk
formed the Strike Coordination Committee and chose Walesa as the Chairman. On .9.22 the
independent trade unions in various places united to form the Solidarity, with Walesa
being the Chairman. |
 |
|
| 1980.7.30 |
New Hebrides, an Anglo-French condominium in Oceania, declared independence from Britain and
France and established the Republic of Vanuatu.
|
| 1980.8.12 |
A number of Latin American countries signed the Montevideo Treaty, by which the Latin
American Free Trade Association was reorganised as the Latin American Integration Association
(LAIA).
|
| 1980.9.12 |
Evren, a Turkish military officer, seized power in a coup.
|
| 1980.9.22 |
Territorial disputes between Iran and Iraq led to the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War.
|
| 1980.10 |
The Salvadorian guerilla groups united to form the Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front.
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| 1980.11.14 |
Vieira, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau, staged a coup to overthrow Cabral, Chairman
of the Council of State and seized power. In January next year, the Cape Verde branch of the
African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde broke off relation with Guinea-Bissau by
forming the African Party of Independence of Cape Verde, which exercised one-party rule
in the country.
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| 1980.12.19 |
The British associated state of Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla was divied into two territories:
Saint Kitts and Nevis and Anguilla.
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