NORTH AMERICA

USA-Canada

USA (1776.7.4- )

1. Period of Confederation (1776.7.4-1789.3.4)

In 1776 the 13 British colonies in North America declared independence from Britain and established this regime as a confederation. With the enactment of a constitution in 1787, the presidential system and federal system were adopted.

2. Federal Government (1789.3.4- )

Since 1853 the Democratic Party and the Republican Party were in power alternately.

*Federalist Party 1789.4.30-1801.3.4
*Democratic Republican Party [DR] 1801.3.4-1828
*Democratic Party [Dem] (previously DR) 1828-1841.3.4
*Whig Party [Whg] 1841.3.4-1845.3.4
*Dem 1845.3.4-1849.3.4
*Whg 1849.3.4-1853.3.4
*Dem 1853.3.4-1861.3.4
*Republican Party [Rep] 1861.3.4-1865.4.15
*Dem 1865.4.15-1869.3.4
*Rep 1869.3.4-1885.3.4
*Dem 1885.3.4-1889.3.4
*Rep 1889.3.4-1893.3.4
*Dem 1893.3.4-1897.3.4
*Rep 1897.3.4-1913.3.4
*Dem 1913.3.4-1921.3.4
*Rep 1921.3.4-1933.3.4
*Dem 1933.3.4-1953.1.20
*Rep 1953.1.20-1961.1.20
*Dem 1961.1.20-1969.1.20
*Rep 1969.1.20-1977.1.20
*Dem 1977.1.20-1981.1.20
*Rep 1981.1.20-1993.1.20
*Dem 1993.1.20-2001.1.20
*Rep 2001.1.20-2009.1.20
*Dem 2009.1.20-

3. Southern Confederation (1861.2.8-1865.5.10)

In 1860 a number of southern states practising slavery system seceded from USA and formed the Confederate States of America (commonly called the Southern Confederation) in 1861. Defeated by the Federal Government in 1865, the southern states were reincorporated into USA.

*Dem 1861.2.8-1865.5.10

Canada (1867.7.1- )

In 1867 Britain established this regime by uniting four of its colonies in North America. Upon independence, Canada adopted a parliamentary cabinet system of government which was ruled by the Liberal Party and the Liberal Conservative Party alternately.

*Liberal Conservative Party [LC] 1867.7.1-1873.11.7
*Liberal Party [LP] 1873.11.7-1878.10.17
*LC 1878.10.17-1896.7.11
*LP 1896.7.11-1911.10.10
*Conservative Party [CP] (previously LC) 1911.10.10-1921.12.29
*LP 1921.12.29-1926.6.28
*CP 1926.6.28-.9.25
*LP 1926.9.25-1930.8.7
*CP 1930.8.7-1935.10.23
*LP 1935.10.23-1957.6.21
*Progressive Conservative Party [PC] (previously CP) 1957.6.21-1963.4.22
*LP 1963.4.22-1979.6.4
*PC 1979.6.4-1980.3.3
*LP 1980.3.3-1984.9.17
*PC 1984.9.17-1993.11.4
*LP 1993.11.4-2006.2.6
*CP (developed from PC) 2006.2.6-

Newfoundland (1907.9.26-1934.1.30)

Newfoundland became a British dominion in 1907 and was basically under the alternate rule of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party. In 1934 the dominion status of Newfoundland was renounced and Newfoundland returned to the status of a colony.

*Liberal Party [Lib] 1907.9.26-1909.3.2
*People's Party 1909.3.2-1918.1.5
*Lib 1918.1.5-1919.5.22
*Conservative Party [Con] 1919.5.22-.11.17
*Lib 1919.11.17-1923.7.24
*Lib 1924.5.10-.6.9
*Con 1924.6.9-1928.11.17
*Lib 1928.11.17-1932.6
*Con 1932.6-1934.1.30 *Lib 1931.5.15-1932.6
*Con 1932.6-1934.1.30

Greenland (1979.5.1- )

Being a Danish colony since 1775, Greenland became a self-governing country in 1979, and was under the prolonged rule of the Forward between 1979 and 2009.

*Forward 1979.5.1-2009.6.12
*Inuit Community 2009.6.12-

Mexico

Mexico (1813.11.6-1815.11.5; 1821.9.28- )

In 1810 revolution broke out in New Spain. In 1813 the revolutionaries declared the independence of New Spain from Spain and renamed the country Mexico. But the revolution failed in 1815. In 1821 General de Iturbide made himself Mexican Emperor. But the imperial system was abolished in 1823. Between 1824 and 1858 Mexico was basically under the alternate rule of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, but the political scene was chaotic, which was followed by Diaz' dictatorial rule between 1876 and 1911. With the outbreak of a revolution in 1910, civil war ensued until 1920. Thereafter the political scene of Mexico was stablized, with the National Revolutionary Party being in power between 1924 and 2000.

*Liberal Party [Lib] 1824.10.10-1829.12.23
*Conservative Party [Con] 1830.1.1-1832.8.14
*Moderate Party [Mod] 1832.12.24-1833.4.1
*Con 1833.5.16-1837.2.27
*Con 1837.4.19-1844.2.1
*Lib 1844.2.1-.6.4
*Con 1844.6.4-.12.6
*Lib 1845.5.24-.12.30
*Federalist Party 1846.1.2-.8.4
*Con 1847.3.21-.11.13
*Con 1848.1.8-.6.3
*Lib 1848.6.3-1851.1.15
*Mod 1851.1.15-1853.1.6
*Lib 1853.1.6-.2.8
*Con 1853.4.20-1855.8.15
*Liberal Moderate Party [L-Mod] 1855.8.15-.9.12
*Con 1855.9.12-.11.15
*Radical Liberal Party 1855.3.14-1856.9.15
*Lib 1856.9.15-1858.1.21
*Con 1858.1.21-1863.7.11
*Lib 1867.5.15-1876.11.23
*Con 1876.11.23-1911.11.6
*Constitutional Progressive Party 1911.11.6-1913.2.19
*Constitutionalist Party 1913.2.19-1914.8.13
*National Anti-Reelection Party 1914.8.20-.10.31
*Lib 1914.10.31-.11.6
*Conventionist 1914.11.6-1915.1.16
*L-Mod 1915.10.19-1920.5.21
*Constitutional Liberal Party 1920.5.24-1924.11.30
*National Revolutionary Party [PNR] 1924.12.1-1938.3
*Party of the Mexican Revolution [PRM] (previously PNR) 1938.3-1946.1
*Institutional Revolutionary Party (previously PRM) 1946.1-2000.11.30
*National Action Party 2000.12.1-

Central America

Central America (1823.7.10-1839.4.17; 1842.7.17-1844.12.1; 1852.10.13-.11.10; 1898; 1921.6.13-1922.1.14)

In 1821 and 1822 the provinces of Spanish Central America declared independence and were amalgamated with Mexico successively. Upon secession from Mexico in 1823, these provinces united to form this regime, which was torn by the internal strife between the Liberals and the Conservatives in its early years. Morazan's presidency starting in 1830 marked a period of political stability and democratic reforms. But in 1838 and 1839 the constituent states seceded from the federation successively, resulting in the formal dissolution of the federation in 1839. Thereafter the Central American republics formed confederations for 4 times in 1842, 1852, 1898 and 1921. But these confederations were all short-lived and the attempt to reunify Central America was never successful.

*Liberal [Lib] 1825.4.29-1834.9.16
*Lib 1835.2.14-1839.2.1

Nicaragua (1838.4.30- )

Upon independence from Central Amercia in 1838, Nicaragua was torn by internal strife between the Conservatives and the Liberals who occupied Granada and Leon, respectively. After a period of prolonged rule by the Conservative Party between 1857 and 1893, power was alternated between the Liberals and the Conservatives. Between 1933 and 1979 Nicaragua was under the dictatorial rule of the Somoza Family, who were overthrown by the Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1979. As FSLN stepped down in 1990, democracy was gradually restored in Nicaragua.

*Liberal Party [PL] 1838.4.30-1839.4.23
*PL 1841.3.4-1843.4.1
*Conservative Party [PC] 1853.4.1-1854.4.30
*PL 1855.10.25-1857.6.24
*PC 1857.11.15-1893.7.11
*PL 1893.7.31-1909.12.21
*PC 1910.8.30-1929.1.1
*PL 1929.1.1-1936.6.9
*PL 1937.1.1-1944
*Nationalist Liberal Party (split from PL) 1944-1979.7.17
*Sandinist National Liberation Front [FSLN] 1981.3.4-1990.4.25
*National Opposition Union 1990.4.25-1997.1.10
*Constitutional Liberal Party 1997.1.10-2007.1.10
*FSLN 2007.1.10-

Honduras (1838.10.26- )

Honduras declared independence from Central America in 1838. From 1841 onwards the country was basically ruled by the Liberals and the Conservatives alternately. Between 1963 and 1982 the country was basically under military rule. Civilian rule was restored in 1982, since when the Liberal Party and the National Party rule alternately. The democratic reforms in 1990s further stablized the political situation.

*Conservative [Con] 1841.1.1-1842.12.31
*Con 1843.2.23-1844.12.31
*Con 1847.2.12-1852.2.1
*Liberal [Lib] 1852.3.1-1855.10.18
*Con 1856.2.17-1862.1.11
*Con 1864.3.15-1872.7.26
*Lib 1874.1.13-1876.6.8
*Con 1876.8.12-..27
*Liberal Party [PLH] 1876.8.27-1893.8.7
*PLH 1894.2.22-1903.2.1
*National Party [PNH] (developed from Con) 1903.4.13-1907.2.25
*PLH 1907.4.18-1911.3.28
*PNH 1912.2.1-1919.9.9
*PLH 1920.2.1-1924.3.10
*PNH 1924.4.27-..30
*PNH 1925.2.1-1929.2.1
*PLH 1929.2.1-1933.2.1
*PNH 1933.2.1-1956.10.21
*PLH 1957.12.21-1963.10.3
*PNH 1963.10.3-1972.12.4
*PLH 1982.1.27-1990.1.27
*PNH 1990.1.27-1994.1.27
*PLH 1994.1.27-2002.1.27
*PNH 2002.1.27-2006.1.27
*PLH 2006.1.27-

Costa Rica (1838.11.15- )

Upon independence from Central America in 1838, Costa Rica was torn by the internal strife between the Mora and Montealegre Families. The presidency of Guardia, who started ruling in 1870 and succeeded in curbing the power of the two families, marked the beginning of political stability in Costa Rica. Democracy was gradually established since 1919. Between 1932 and 1949 the country was ruled by the National Republican Party, whose rule was overthrown in a civil war in 1948. From 1949 onwards, a two-party system was established, with the two ruling parties being the National Union Party and the National Liberation Party (PLN) in the period 1949-1978, and the United Coalition and PLN since 1978.

*Liberal 1870.4.27-1889.11.7
*Conservative 1890.5.8-1902.5.8
*National Union Party [PUN] 1902.5.8-1914.5.8
*National Republican Party [PRN] 1924.5.8-1928.5.8
*PUN 1928.5.8-1932.5.8
*PRN 1932.5.8-1948.5.8
*PUN 1949.11.8-1953.11.8
*National Liberation Party [PLN] 1953.11.8-1958.5.8
*PUN 1958.5.8-1962.5.8
*PLN 1962.5.8-1966.5.8
*PUN 1966.5.8-1970.5.8
*PLN 1970.5.8-1978.5.8
*United Coalition [UC] 1978.5.8-1982.5.8
*PLN 1982.5.8-1990.5.8
*Christian Social Unity Party [PUSC] (previously UC) 1990.5.8-1994.5.8
*PLN 1994.5.8-1998.5.8
*PUSC 1998.5.8-2006.5.8
*PLN 2006.5.8-

Guatemala (1839.4.17- )

Upon independence from Central America in 1839, Guatemala was initially ruled by the Conservatives until 1865. The year of 1871 marked the beginning of a period of prolonged rule by the Liberals, including the dictatorship of Cabrera in 1898-1920. The dictatorial government was overthrown during a revolution in 1944, after which the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR) came to power in 1945. With the overthrow of the PAR Government in 1954, Guatemala entered another period of political turmoil and military rule until 1986, when civilian rule was restored.

*Conservative [Con] 1839.12.3-1848.8.16
*Con 1851.11.6-1865.4.14
*Liberal [Lib] 1871.6.29-1885.4.2
*Lib 1886.3.15-1944.7.4
*Revolutionary Action Party 1945.3.15-1954.6.27
*National Redemption Party 1958.3.2-1963.3.31
*Democratic Institutional Party [PID] 1963.4.10-1966.7.1
*Revolutionary Party 1966.7.1-1970.7.1
*PID 1970.7.1-1982.3.23
*Christian Democratic Party 1986.1.14-1991.1.14
*Solidarity Action Movement 1991.1.14-1993.5.31
*National Progress Party 1996.1.14-2000.1.14
*Republic Guatemalan Front 2000.1.14-2004.1.14
*Grand National Alliance 2004.1.14-2008.1.14
*National Unity of Hope 2008.1.14-

el Salvador (1839.4.17- )

Upon dissolution of Central America, el Salvador became an independent state. Between 1839 and 1876 the country was ruled by the Conservatives and the Liberals alternately, but the political scene was ubstable. The year of 1931 marked the beginning of the dictatorship of Martinez. Despite the overthrow of Martinez in 1944, the country remained under military rule, which took the form of the prolonged rule of the National Conciliation Party formed by the military between 1962 and 1979. Civilian rule was not restored until 1984.

*Liberal [Lib] 1839.7.13-1840.4.4
*Conservative [Con] 1841.1.7-1842.2.1
*Con 1844.2.7-1845.2.15
*Lib 1848.2.7-1850.2.1
*Lib 1950.2.4-1851.3.1
*Con 1852.2.1-1854.2.1
*Lib 1860.2.1-1863.10.26
*Con 1863.10.26-1871.4.15
*Lib 1871.4.15-1876.2.1
*Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification 1950.9.14-1960.10.26
*National Conciliation Party 1962.7.1-1979.10.15
*Christian Democratic Party [PDC] 1980.12.22-1982.5.2
*PDC 1984.6.1-1989.6.1
*National Republican Alliance 1989.6.1-2009.6.1
*Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front 2009.6.1-

British Honduras-Belize (1964.1.1- )

British Honduras became an associated state of Britain in 1964. The country's name was changed to Belize in 1973. The country has been under the alternate rule of the People's United Party and the United Democratic Party since 1964.

*People's United Party [PUP] 1964.1.1-1984.12.17
*United Democratic Party [UDP] 1984.12.17-1989.11.7
*PUP 1989.11.7-1993.7.3
*UDP 1993.7.3-1998.8.28
*PUP 1998.8.28-2008.2.8
*UDP 2008.2.8-

Caribbean Region

Haiti (1804.1.1- )

After gaining independence from France in 1804, Haiti had been under monarchical rule for three times. Despite the final establishment of the republican system in 1859, the political situation of Haiti remained chaotic and was under prolonged dictatorial rule, with the Duvalier Family being in power between 1957 and 1986. The overthrow of the Duvalier Family in 1986 led to another period of military rule until 1994, when USA put an end to Haiti's military government with its military forces.

*National Party 1879.10.2-1888.8.10
*Worker Peasant Movement 1957.5.25-.6.14
*Coalition of Progressive National Democrats 1988.2.7-.6.20
*Lavalas Political Organization 1991.2.7-.9.30
*Lavalas Political Organization 1994.10.12-1996.2.7
*Organization of Struggling People 1996.2.7-2001.2.7
*Fanmi Lavalas [FL] 2001.2.7-2004.2.29
*Front of Hope (split from FL) 2006.5.14-

Dominican Republic (1844.2.27-1861.3.18; 1863.9.14- )

Upon independence from Haiti, Dominican Republic came under the alternate rule of the Blue Party and the Red Party. But the political situation was very unstable and the country reverted to Spanish rule in 1861. In 1863 independence was declared again. Between 1865 and 1879 the country was ruled by the Blues, Reds and Greens alternately. Between 1899 and 1916 was a period of alternate rule of the Jimenistas and the Horacistas, parties of supporters of two political figures. From 1916 onwards, the country was occupied by USA until 1924. In 1930 the Trujillo Family established dictatorial rule. After the collapse of the Trujillos in 1961, the country was in turmoil again. The political scene was stablized in 1965. Between 1965 and 1996 the country was ruled by the Reformist Party and the Revolutionary Party alternately.

*Blue Party [PA] 1844.11.13-1848.8.4
*PA 1849.5.30-.9.23
*Red Party [PR] 1849.9.24-1853.2.15
*PA 1853.2.15-1856.10.8
*PR 1856.10.8-1858.6.13
*Trinitarin 1858.6.13-.7.28
*PA 1859.1.31-1861.3.18
*Restoration [Res] 1863.9.14-1865.1.23
*Res 1865.1.24-.3.24
*PA 1865.3.25-.11.15
*PR 1865.11.15-1866.5.29
*PA 1866.8.22-1868.1.31
*PR 1868.2.13-1874.1.2
*Green Party [PV] 1874.1.2-..22
*PV 1874.4.6-1876.2.23
*PA 1876.4.29-.10.5
*PV 1876.11.11-.12.9
*PR 1876.12.26-1878.3.2
*PR 1878.3.5-.7.6
*PV 1878.7.6-.9.2
*PR 1879.2.27-.12.6
*PA 1879.12.6-1899.7.26
*PR 1899.7.26-.8.30
*PA 1899.9.4-.11.15
*Jimenistas Party [Jim] 1899.11.15-1902.5.2
*Horacistas Party [Hor] 1902.4.26-1903.4.23
*Jim 1903.4.23-.11.24
*Hor 1903.10.24-1905.12.25
*Hor 1906.1.12-1911.11.19
*Hor 1911.12.5-1912.11.30
*Jim 1914.12.5-1916.5.7
*Jim 1916.7.31-.11.29
*Liberal 1922.10.21-1924.7.12
*National Progressive Party 1924.7.12-1930.3.3
*Dominican Party [PD] 1931-1940
*Trujillistas Party (previously PD) 1940-1960.8.3
*Popular Movement 1960.8.3-1962.1.16
*Republican Party 1962.1.18-1963.2.27
*Revolutionary Party [PRD] 1963.2.27-.9.25
*PRD 1965.4.25-..27
*Reformist Party [PR] 1965.9.3-1978.8.16
*PRD 1978.8.16-1986.8.16
*Social Christian Reformist Party (developed from PR) 1986.8.16-1996.8.16
*Liberation Party [PLD] 1996.8.16-2000.8.16
*PRD 2000.8.16-2004.8.16
*PLD 2004.8.16-

Cuba (1868.10.10-1878.5.28; 1895.9.18-1899.6.30; 1902.5.20- )

In 1868 the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC) staged a revolution against Spanish rule and declared independence of Cuba. Upon conclusion of a peace settlement with Spain, Cuba reverted to Spanish rule in 1878. In 1895 PRC staged the second revolution and declared independence again. But the country was occupied by USA in 1899. After gaining independence from USA in 1902, Cuba remained under control of USA and was occupied by the latter between 1906 and 1909. In 1925 Machado established dictatorial rule in Cuba. In a revolution in 1933, Machado was overthrown. But another dictator, Batista, soon came to power (in power in 1934-1944 and 1952-1959). In 1959 Batista was overthrown by the leftist revolutionaries. With the merger of these organisations into the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations in 1961, one-party rule was established in Cuba.

*Revolutionary Party [PRC] 1868.10.10-1878.2.10
*PRC 1878.3.16-.5.28
*PRC 1895.9.18-1899.6.30
*Moderate Party 1902.5.20-1906.9.28
*Liberal Party 1909.1.28-1913.5.20
*Conservative Party 1913.5.20-1921.5.20
*Popular Party 1921.5.20-1925.5.20
*PL 1925.5.20-1933.8.24
*A.B.C. Revolutionary Society 1933.8.24-.9.5
*PRC 1933.9.10-1934.1.15
*Social Democratic Coalition 1940.10.10-1944.10.10
*Revolutionary Party-Authentic 1944.10.10-1952.3.10
*United Action Party 1952.3.10-1959.1.1
*Coalition formed by Revolutionary Movement of July 26th, People's Socialist Party and Revolutionary Directory March 13th 1959.1.2-1961.7
*Integrated Revolutionary Organizations [ORI] (formed by the merger of Revolutionary Movement of July 26th, People's Socialist Party and Revolutionary Directory March 13th) 1961.7-1962.5
*United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution [PURSC] (previously ORI) 1962.5-1965.10
*Communist Party (previously PURSC) 1965.10-

Puerto Rico (1952.7.25- )

In 1952 Puerto Rico became a commonwealth of USA and self-rule was granted. Since then Puerto Rico was under the alternate rule of the Popular Democratic Party and the New Progressive Party.

*Popular Democratic Party [PPD] 1952.7.25-1969.1.2
*New Progressive Party [PNP] 1969.1.2-1973.1.2
*PPD 1973.1.2-1977.1.2
*PNP 1977.1.2-1985.1.2
*PPD 1985.1.2-1993.1.2
*PNP 1993.1.2-2001.1.2
*PPD 2001.1.2-

Jamaica (1962.8.6- )

Upon independence from Britain in 1962, Jamaica came under the alternate rule of the Labour Party and the People's National Party.

*Labour Party [JLP] 1962.8.6-1972.3.2
*People's National Party [PNP] 1972.3.2-1980.11.1
*JLP 1980.11.1-1989.2.10
*PNP 1989.2.10-2007.9.11
*JLP 2007.9.11-

Trinidad and Tobago (1962.8.31- )

Upon independence from Britain in 1962, Trinidad and Tobago came under the prolonged rule of the People's National Movement until 1986.

*People's National Movement [PNM] 1962.8.31-1986.12.18
*National Alliance for Reconstruction 1986.12.18-1991.12.17
*PNM 1991.12.17-1995.11.9
*United National Congress 1995.11.9-2001.12.24
*PNM 2001.12.24-

Barbados (1966.11.30- )

Upon independence from Britain in 1966, Barbados came under the alternate rule of the Democratic Labour Party and the Labour Party.

*Democratic Labour Party [DLP] 1966.11.30-1976.9.8
*Labour Party [BLP] 1976.9.8-1986.5.29
*DLP 1986.5.29-1994.9.7
*BLP 1994.9.7-2008.1.16
*DLP 2008.1.16-

Bahamas (1973.7.10- )

Upon independence from Britain in 1973, Bahamas came under the alternate rule of the Progressive Liberal Party and the Free National Movement.

*Progressive Liberal Party [PLP] 1973.7.10-1992.8.21
*Free National Movement [FNM] 1992.8.21-2002.5.3
*PLP 2002.5.3-2007.5.4
*FNM 2007.5.4-

Grenada (1967.2.27- )

Grenada became an associated state of Britain in 1967 and gained independence in 1974. Upon independence, Grenada was initially under the authoritarian rule of the United Labour Party, whose rule was supplanted by the New Jewel Movement (NJ) in 1979. In 1983 USA invaded Grenada and overthrew the NJ Government. Thereafter Grenada was ruled by the New National Party and the National Democratic Congress alternately.

*National Party 1967.2.27-.8
*United Labour Party 1967.8-1979.3.13
*New Jewel Movement 1979.3.13-1983.10.19
*National Democratic Congress [NDC] 1983.12.9-1984.12.4
*New National Party [NNP] 1984.12.4-1990.3.16
*NDC 1990.3.16-1995.6.22
*NNP 1995.6.22-2008.7.9
*NDC 2008.7.9-

British Dominica-Commonwealth of Dominica (1967.2.27- )

In 1967 British Dominica became an associated state of Britain. Upon independence in 1978, the country's name was changed to the Commonwealth of Dominica.

*Labour Party [LPD] 1967.2.27-1974.7.27
*United Workers' Party [DUWP] 1974.7.27-1979.6.21
*LPD 1979.6.21-1980.7.21
*Freedom Party 1980.7.21-1995.6.14
*DUWP 1995.6.14-2000.2.3
*LPD 2000.2.3-

Saint Lucia (1967.2.27- )

Saint Lucia became an associated state of Britain in 1967 and gained independence in 1979. Since 1967, the country has been basically under the alternate rule of the United Workers Party and the Labour Party.

*United Workers Party [UWP] 1967.2.27-1979.7.2
*Labour Party [SLP] 1979.7.2-1981.5.4
*Labor Progressive Party 1982.1.17-.5.3
*UWP 1982.5.3-1997.5.24
*SLP 1997.5.24-2006.12.15
*UWP 2006.12.15-

Saint Vincent-Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1969.10.27- )

Saint Vincent became an associated state of Britain in 1969. In 1979 the country gained independence and changed its name to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Since 1969, the country has been under the alternate rule of the Unity Labour Party and the New Democratic Party.

*Unity Labour Party [ULP] 1969.10.27-1972.4
*New Democratic Party [NDP] 1972.4-1974.12.8
*ULP 1974.12.8-1984.7.30
*NDP 1984.7.30-2001.3.29
*ULP 2001.3.29-

Antigua-Antigua and Barbuda (1967.2.27- )

Antigua became an associated state of Britain in 1967. In 1981 the country gained independence and changed its name to Antigua and Barbuda. Between 1974 and 2004, the country was under the prolonged rule of the Labour Party.

*Labour Party [ALP] 1967.2.27-1971.2.14
*Progressive Labour Movement 1971.2.14-1976.2.1
*ALP 1976.2.1-2004.3.24
*United Progressive Party 2004.3.24-

Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla-Saint Kitts and Nevis (1967.2.27- )

Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of Britain in 1967. In 1980 Anguilla split with Saint Kitts and Nevis and the two parts of the original dependency became two separate entities under British sovereignty. In 1983, Saint Kitts and Nevis gained independence. Since 1967, the country has been under the alternate rule of the People's Action Movement and the Labour Party.

*Labour Party [SKLP] 1967.2.27-1978.5.23
*People's Action Movement [PAM] 1978.5.23-1979.5.18
*SKLP 1979.5.20-1980.2.21
*PAM 1980.2.21-1995.7.7
*SKLP 1995.7.7-

Netherlands Antilles (1954.12.29- )

In 1954 Netherlands Antilles became a self-governing country of Netherlands. Between 1954 and 1979 the country was basically under the alternate rule of the Democratic Party and National People's Party.

*Democratic Party [DP] 1954.12.29-1968.2.14
*National People's Party [PNP] 1968.2.14-1969.9
*DP 1969.12-1971.6
*PNP 1971.6-1972.10
*DP 1972.10-1973.12
*PNP 1973.12-1977.?
*Windward Islands People's Movement 1977.?-1977.10
*DP 1977.10-1979.7.6
*Patriotic Union of Bonaire 1979.7.6-.12
*New Antilles Movement [MAN] 1979.12-1984.9.18
*PNP 1984.9.18-1986.1.1
*MAN 1986.1.1-1988.5.17
*PNP 1988.5.17-1994.3.31
*Party for the Restructured Antilles [PAR] 1994.3.31-1998.5.14
*PNP 1998.5.14-1999.11.8
*PAR 1999.11.8-2003.7.22
*Party Workers' Liberation Front 30th of May 2003.7.22-2004.6.3
*PAR 2004.6.3-

Aruba (1986.1.1- )

In 1986 Aruba became a self-governing country of Netherlands. Since then the country is under the alternate rule of the People's Party and People's Electoral Movement.

*People's Party [AVP] 1986.1.1-1989.2.9
*People's Electoral Movement [MEP] 1989.2.9-1994.7.29
*AVP 1994.7.29-2001.10.30
*MEP 2001.10.30-

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