Food Allergies and Arthritis - Àü¹® ¹ø¿ª

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Lyn La Cava
www.drkoop.com   Health Correspondent

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Scientists have debated about the link between food allergies and arthritis for decades. According to the National Institutes of Health, except for omega-3 fatty acids, there is no scientific evidence that any food or nutrient helps or harms most rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sufferers. In a widely cited study published in the Journal of Rheumatology, Richard Panush, M.D., concluded that dietary changes are less likely to help patients with RA than those without it.
On the other hand, many doctors insist that a high percentage of their patients experience excellent results from eliminating problem foods. Many researchers agree, speculating that food allergies affect joint symptoms. There is much persuasive and persistent anecdotal evidence to support these views.
 
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In Arthritis and Allied Conditions, William J. Koopman, M.D., states: "The available evidence suggests that allergic reaction to foods may occur in some patients who have rheumatic disease. Diets of certain nutritional content can modulate experimental and, in some circumstances, clinical inflammation."
It is a confusing debate and more controversial than ever. At this point, although many experts suspect food sensitivities may influence arthritis symptoms, there is no definitive proof of it. This is partly due to the difficulty of conducting conclusive studies. Arthritis typically flares up and calms down anyway. The cause of flares, and whether they're related to food, can be difficult to determine. Most experts don't claim that food allergies cause arthritis. However, many, including experts with the Arthritis Foundation, acknowledge a possible link between food sensitivity and joint inflammation, at least in some people.
 
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Evidence is gradually mounting to support this. Studies, such as one conducted at the Asthma and Allergy Research Center at Sahlgren's University Hospital, Sweden, report a connection between arthritis and milk consumption. Researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences concluded that there was significant clinical improvement in RA symptoms when patients abstained from grains, cereals, milk and animal protein. A 13-month study at the Oslo Rheumatism Hospital, Norway, highlights the effectiveness of eliminating food allergens. It indicated that short-term fasting, followed by a vegetarian diet, resulted in a substantial reduction in symptoms of many RA patients.
The Norwegian study suggests that the improvements were also due to changes made in dietary fatty acids through the vegetarian diet. This is significant, as many RA sufferers are deficient in digestive factors (including hydrochloric acid and pancreatic enzymes) and incomplete digestion is suspected to be a factor in RA.
Studies cited by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) support this. They suggest that RA patients' gastrointestinal tracts may be especially permeable to undigested food antigens (the allergic substances in foods). When these antigens are absorbed from the digestive tract into thebloodstream, they are bound by antibodies and circulate as injurious antigen-antibody complexes. These can cause increased immune activity in joints, causing inflammation and pain.
 
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According to one theory, this occurs as a result of allergies disrupting normal digestive function. The three problems -- allergies, intestinal dysfunction and inflammation -- are believed to trigger each other and the cycle repeats itself until interrupted by the elimination of the allergy food.
A big question for RA sufferers is, will eliminating certain foods from my diet help me or hurt me? Again there is disagreement among professionals. Some doctors say eliminating foods is safe. Others say patients may suffer by eliminating nutritious foods they need. Of special concern is the fasting that often begins an elimination diet, because it can cause loss of muscle mass and alter the metabolism. Consequently, it is important to undertake an elimination diet or fast under a doctor's supervision.
After talking to your doctor, a conservative approach might be to observe what you eat and simply stop eating just one food, or food family, you suspect is associated with flares. This means not only avoiding the food in its raw form (for example, milk), but in its hidden state (such as milk in pudding). Each individual is different and there is no one food reported to cause symptoms in everyone. You are the one who can best identify any link between what you ingest and your arthritis symptoms.
Even if certain foods trigger a flare, it does not conclusively mean that food allergies cause RA, or that the elimination of offending foods cures it.
A common view is that arthritis is not caused by any one factor. Even if eliminating certain foods proves positive, other facets of treatment, such as exercise, proper medication and stress reduction, are also important. An all-around approach to building your immune system, strength and flexibility is recommended.
 
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Date Published: September 13, 2000
Date Reviewed: September 13, 2000

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