How would you describe the two dimensions we humans measure physical phenomena we are aware of and perceive? How does The HOLY BIBLE describe such?

Notice that I said two dimensions. One involves distance, and the other involves duration.

The distance dimension is of trinitarian nature, and is expressed in length, width, and either height or depth. For example:

Ro 8:39 nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Eph 3:18 may have power to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth,
Re 21:16 The city lies foursquare, its length the same as its breadth; and he measured the city with his rod, twelve thousand stadia; its length and breadth and height are equal.

"Height" would involve upward direction; "Depth" would involve downward direction.

The duration dimension is also of trinitarian nature, and is expressed in "before," "present" (or "now"), and "after" (or "later" or "to come").

Our confusing English language lamentably has different meanings for "present." "Present" might, in some instances, be a noun meaning "a gift" - depending upon or qualified by the context. Or it could be a verb meaning to "show up" or "be in attendance" at a certain location. Or it could mean one particular meaning of "now" or "at this time" "(with the other meaning of "now" meaning "and so" or "thus" or "therefore" or "in relation to"). Here are some Scripture-verse examples of "present":

1Ki 10:25 Every one of them brought his present, articles of silver and gold, garments, myrrh, spices, horses, and mules, so much year by year.
Ga 4:20 I could wish to be present with you now and to change my tone, for I am perplexed about you.
Ga 4:25 Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia; she corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children.

And here are some Scripture-verse examples of "now:"

1Jo 3:2 Beloved, we are God's children now; it does not yet appear what we shall be, but we know that when he appears we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.
1Jo 4:3 and every spirit which does not confess Jesus is not of God. This is the spirit of antichrist, of which you heard that it was coming, and now it is in the world already.
2Jo 1:5 And now I beg you, lady, not as though I were writing you a new commandment, but the one we have had from the beginning, that we love one another.
Jude 1:5 Now I desire to remind you, though you were once for all fully informed, that he who saved a people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe.
Jude 1:24 Now to him who is able to keep you from falling and to present you without blemish before the presence of his glory with rejoicing,
Jude 1:25 to the only God, our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and for ever. Amen.

The dimensions of distance using our English words of meter, centimeter, inch, foot (not in the body-part sense), and yard (in the yardstick sense).....are not found in most English translation of The Bible. There are instances of "cubits":

Eze 41:13 Then he measured the temple, a hundred cubits long; and the yard and the building with its walls, a hundred cubits long;
Eze 41:14 also the breadth of the east front of the temple and the yard, a hundred cubits.

and the directions of south, west, north, and east are found in Scripture:

Ge 28:14 and your descendants shall be like the dust of the earth, and you shall spread abroad to the west and to the east and to the north and to the south; and by you and your descendants shall all the families of the earth bless themselves.
Nu 35:5 And you shall measure, outside the city, for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the middle; this shall belong to them as pasture land for their cities.
2Ch 4:4 It stood upon twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east; the sea was set upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.
Ps 107:3 and gathered in from the lands, from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south.

The duration dimension is never Biblically measured in "seconds" nor "minutes," but there are numerous instances of "hours," "days," "months," and "years" throughout Scripture. "Decades" and "centuries" and "millenia" are not found in most English translations of The Bible.

Our modern measurements of perceived space and time dimensions are related to natural-phenomena of consistent-distance light-wave measurement in angstroms and consistent-duration atomic-vibration frequency.

Besides "cubits," Biblical calculation for distance-dimension measurement, such as:

Mt 14:24 but the boat by this time was many furlongs distant from the land, beaten by the waves; for the wind was against them.

is sometimes expressed with the English word "mile" or "miles" as in:

Mt 5:41 and if any one forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.
Lu 24:13 That very day two of them were going to a village named Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem,
Joh 6:19 When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near to the boat. They were frightened,
Joh 11:18 Bethany was near Jerusalem, about two miles off,

Pertaining to duration-dimension measurement, the number "twelve" is associated in Scripture with both "hours" and "months" as in:

Joh 11:9 Jesus answered, "Are there not twelve hours in the day? If any one walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world.
Es 2:12 Now when the turn came for each maiden to go in to King Ahasuerus, after being twelve months under the regulations for the women, since this was the regular period of their beautifying, six months with oil of myrrh and six months with spices and ointments for women--
Da 4:29 At the end of twelve months he was walking on the roof of the royal palace of Babylon,

According to our Gregorian calendars, we have to add one day of duration (whether a clear or cloudy "day") in February every four years as a "leap-year" addition to compensate for the actual duration of the seasons of the months of the year regarding the movement of the Sun (or more accurately: "sunlight") across the sky during the time period of a day, in relation to commonly-accepted daily rotation of the Earth as it annually revolves around the Sun.

But is the global standard of time duration as accurate as it could be? Would not less duration for each second eliminate the need for leap-year adjustments in our calendars?

When I play Nearer My God To Thee on the keyboard, and sync it to every second on the second, it goes a bit too slow for comfort. Something should be done about that in terms of rectification, but not involving the tempo (rather than "speed") of my keyboard performance.