Analysis of Defensive Armaments
Written by Poiuyt Man
This article outlines the various features and devices used mostly for defensive purposes, that are present on mecha from the Gundam Wing universe.  All information here is gathered from examples seen in the series.  Endless Waltz mecha have not been included yet.
Propulsion Systems
Flight Engines

Used by the Aries mobile suit.  Two large engines are mounted on each shoulder, with two smaller wing-mounted engines.  These engines provide precise air control and improved speed.  These engines are also very vulnerable to weapons fire.  A hit on one can cause the Aries to crash to the ground.  The Oliphant mobile suit appears to have similar engines on its legs, for it is able to move at considerable speeds without any verniers.

Hovercraft Systems

Employed by both the Oliphant and modified Tragos suits, these devices let a suit hover several meters off the ground.  This enhances mobility, and allows the suit to better absorb recoil from optional large cannons.

Vernier Engines

Thruster systems that provide better maneuverability in both atmospheric and space environments.  The verniers, usually in sets of two, exert a bluish-white emission that propel a mobile suit in the desired direction.  Mobile suits primarily built for land, such as the Leo, usually have two back-mounted verniers, for flying upwards and dashing forward.  Several space-oriented mobile suits have verniers located on either side of the hip, protected by armored flaps.  Other suits may mount them on legs, feet, shoulders, or adjustable wing binders for additional control.

Super Vernier Engines

Both the Tallgeese I & II mobile suits have two large rocket-like objects on their back, called 'super vernier engines'.  They provide acceleration three times that of the Aries, reaching full speed at a moment's notice.  The Virgo II mobile doll has similar rear-mounted engines, but the suit does not seem as maneuverable.

Water Propulsion

The Pisces and Cancer amphibious mobile suits have propellers and large rear-mounted engines, for underwater movement.
Armored Plating
Titanium-Alloy

The standard alloy for many mobile suits.  Used in mass-production of most Zodiac suits.  The armor on these suits vary, but most are unaffected by infantry weapons.  However, continous high-caliber machinegun fire will destroy these suits, along with beam weapons and anti-mobile suit explosives.

The Tallgeese line of mobile suits also uses titanium-alloy.  However, the metal is of a much higher quality than the mass-produced suits.  Tallgeese suits can deflect several indirect shots of heavy turret fire, and survive large amounts of explosives, taking minimal damage.  Still, a well-placed thermal-energy weapon can easily destroy a Tallgeese suit.

Gundanium-Alloy

A superior metal, only capable of being refined in outer space.  It is extremely durable and absorbs radar waves, making detection difficult.  The alloy was notably used to contruct the powerful Gundam mobile suits.  In general, Gundam armor is impervious to most ballistic projectiles, and can withstand light beam rifle blasts.  Critical damage can be done with heavy beam cannons and beam melee weapons, especially when used against a lightly-armored area, such as a joint.

The Virgo I & II mobile dolls are also produced from gundanium alloy.  Their armor is of a much lower grade than that of the Gundams, to make mass-production easier.  The armor of the Virgo's can be destroyed by strong beam weapons, super-heated blades, and large missiles.
Additional Shielding
Basic Arm-Mounted Shields

Shield are made out of the same metal as the mobile suit that carries it, but are thicker, denser, and designed to repel shots.  The Leo suit has an optional shoulder-mounted shield.  The Tallgeese has a similar shield, but it is stronger, and can take a hit from a beam saber.  Maganac suits have a much taller shield that protect them during their long-range beam rifle barrages.  The shields used by the Gundams are very strong and can deflect powerful beam blasts from enemy Virgo's.  They are not completely indestructible, though.  A powerful swing from Epyon's beam sword can leave a heavy gouge in Wing Zero's shield.  Mercurius' Crash Shield can explode if overloaded.  And Deathscythe's Buster Shield, with its beam blade exposed, can be destroyed with a buster rifle blast.

Active Cloak

A set of wings that fold over the body of the Deathscythe Hell to form a defensive cloak.  They are highly deflective on the outer surface, enough to divert a Virgo cannon's blast.  On the underside of each wing, there appears to be two thrusters, perhaps for increased speed.  These thrusters can apparently be damaged by Virgo II beam rifles.
Planet Defensors
Mercurius

This suit uses a set of 10 planet defensors, which are normally stored on the Mercurius' back.  They can be controlled remotely to form a strong (magnetic?) shield.  With all the defensors combined, the resulting shield can withstand buster rifle-type weapons.  The shield will eventually fail, though, after repeated blasts from such powerful weapons.  The planet defensors are not very mobile while a shield is erected, and cannot be easily brought along when preforming complex maneuvers.  They probably have to return to the mobile suit every now and then for recharging.  A unique feature of the Mercurius planet defensors is that they can be flung at the enemy in pairs, with a small charge surging between each.  This seems like a move not meant to damage the enemy, but merely to knock weapons or other items out of their hands.

Virgo Series

The planet defensors used by the Virgo I & II mobile dolls are smaller than those utilized by Mercurius, and probably less powerful.  They are still very effective, however, at deflecting most beam weapons.  The Virgo I can make a shield to surround half the body, limiting movement to simple acts of walking or flying forward.  The Virgo II can fully surround its body, restricting movement even further.  Virgo-type shield are overcome by powerful spaceship-mounted weapons, and are penetrated by laser beams, heat shotels, and mobile suit fists.
Other
Blinding Flares

Small devices used by Deathscythe to perform stealthy attacks.  The intense light can make camera sensors useless.  The shield flashers of Sandrock, and the beam rifles of Maganac suits can produce similar results, using distraction as a way to escape.

Minovsky Particle Scattering?

Present in the Universal Century timeline, this technique is utilized by many spaceships and a select few mobile suits.  It involves scattering large amounts of Minovsky particles, which absorb radar waves, limiting battles to visual range.  This technology does not appear to be present in Gundam Wing, but gundanium-alloy mirrors the effect by naturally absorbing radar waves.