Info

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This information was gathered from: the World Factbook of 1999, Africa OnLine, The Center For Middle Eastern Studies,Governments on the www and The Libyan News Agency This section will be updated on a regular basis and a disclaimer will be published when it's fully formatted.

Age structure: 
0-14 years: 36% (male 930,661; female 891,046) 
15-64 years: 60% (male 1,545,958; female 1,437,120) 
65 years and over: 4% (male 93,726; female 94,327) (1999 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.4% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 27.33 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 3.35 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: 1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Sex ratio: 
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 
15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 
65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female 
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 28.15 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: 
total population: 75.73 years 
male: 73.81 years 
female: 77.74 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.79 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Nationality: 
noun: Libyan(s) 
adjective: Libyan

Ethnic groups:  Arab 97%, Berber, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians

Religions: Sunni Muslim 97%

Languages: Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities

Literacy: 
definition: age 9 and over can read and write 
total population: 76.2% 
male: 87.9% 
female: 81.3% (1999 est.)

www.Mylibya.com

Geographic coordinates: 25 00 N, 17 00 E

Map references: Africa

Area: 
total: 1,759,540 sq km 
land: 1,759,540 sq km 
water: 0 sq km

Area—comparative: slightly larger than Alaska

Land boundaries: 
total: 4,383 km 
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km

Coastline: 1,770 km

Maritime claims: 
territorial sea: 12 nm 
note: Gulf of Sidra closing line—32 degrees 30 minutes north

Climate: Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Terrain: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions

Elevation extremes: 
lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m 
highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Land use: 
arable land: 1% 
permanent crops: 0% 
permanent pastures: 8% 
forests and woodland: 0% 
other: 91% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

Environment—current issues: desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities

Environment—international agreements: 
party to: Desertification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection 
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa. Sanctions and low oil prices in 1998 cut back revenue sharply, and GDP growth fell by 1%. In this statist society. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP; it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 70% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 do not have a major impact on the economy although they have increased transaction and transportation costs. Libya; however, in a report to UN has detailed a loss of 33 Billion during the sanctions.

GDP: purchasing power parity—$38 billion (1998 est.)

GDP—real growth rate: -1% (1998 est.)

GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$6,700 (1998 est.)

GDP—composition by sector: 
agriculture: 5% 
industry: 55% 
services: 40% (1996 est.)

Population below poverty line: Libyans are generally middle classed

Household income or consumption by percentage share: 
lowest 10%: NA% 
highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 24.2% (1998 est.)

Labor force: 1 million

Labor force—by occupation: industry 31%, services 27%, government 24%, agriculture 18%

Unemployment rate: 30% (1998 est.)

Budget: 
revenues: $3.6 billion 
expenditures: $5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)

Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Electricity—production: 17 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity—production by source: 
fossil fuel: 100% 
hydro: 0% 
nuclear: 0% 
other: 0% (1996)

Electricity—consumption: 17 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

Agriculture—products: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts; beef, eggs

Exports: $6.8 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

Exports—commodities: crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas

Exports—partners: Italy, Germany, Spain, France, Turkey, Greece, Egypt

Imports: $6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1998 est.)

Imports—commodities: machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods

Imports—partners: Italy, Germany, UK, France, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, Eastern Europe

Debt—external: $4 billion (1998 est.)

Economic aid—recipient: $8.4 million (1995)

Currency: 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams

Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1—0.3799 (November 1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996), 0.3532 (1995), 0.3596 (1994); 
official rate: 0.45 (December 1998)

Fiscal year: calendar year

conventional long form: Socialist Great People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 
conventional short form: Libya 
local long form: Al Jumahiriya al Arabiya al Libiya al Shabiya al Ishtirakiya al Othma

Data code: LY

Government type: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) governed by the populace through local conferences.

Capital: Tripoli, but there is no political capital in Libya.

Independence: A marginal one on December 24th 1951 (from Italy)

National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)

Constitution: 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977

Executive branch: 
Leader of The Revelolution: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar al Qadafi (since 1 September 1969);
note: holds no official title.
Head Representitive of People's government: Secretary of the General People's Committee.
Cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress. 
Elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees; 
head of government elected by the General People's Conference;

Legislative branch: unicameral General People's Conference (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of peoples' committees)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders: none

International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, 
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNID
O, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US: Libya does not have an embassy in the US

Diplomatic representation from the US: the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980.
It may have be relinquished by a March 2000 visit.

Flag description: plain green; green is the traditional color of Freedom and growth.

Railways: 
note: Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been no progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion set for mid-1994; no progress has been reported

Highways: 
total: 83,200 km 
paved: 47,590 km 
unpaved: 35,610 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: none

Pipelines: crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km

Ports and harbors: Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah

Merchant marine: 
total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 588,928 GRT/989,662 DWT 
ships by type: cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 9, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 4 (1998 est.)

Airports: 143 (1998 est.)

Airports—with paved runways: 
total: 60 
over 3,047 m: 24 
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 
1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 
914 to 1,523 m: 5 
under 914 m: 3 (1998 est.)

Airports—with unpaved runways: 
total: 83 
over 3,047 m: 5 
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 
914 to 1,523 m: 42 
under 914 m: 19 (1998 est.)