1. ___ Weather refers to the daily conditions in our surroundings including temperature and rainfall.

2. ___ Climate is the average weather over a long period, approximately 30 years.

3. ___ The earth is equally heated by the sun in all major climatic regions.

4. ___ The tropics lie on either side of the equator between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south latitude.

5. ___ The winds that blow toward the equator are called the westerlies.

6. ___ The Humboldt current is found in the Atlantic ocean off the east coast of the United States.

7. ___ Every 10 years the Humboldt current turns warm, a phenomenon that is called El Niño.

8. ___ The northern most biome is treeless and has permafrost and is called arctic tundra.

9. ___ The taiga is also called the northern coniferous forest.

10.___ The dominant trees in the deciduous forest are conifers.

11.___ The grassland biome receives 10-30 inches of precipitation.

12.___ Poor agricultural practices in the 1930s produced the "dust bowl" in midwestern and western states.

13.___ Lateritic soils are found in temperate grasslands and forests.

14.___ The tropical rain forest is the richest and most diverse biome on earth.

15.___ The warm surface water of a lake is called the thermocline.

16.___ The bottom of the lake is called the limnetic zone.

17.___ The littoral zone consists of the shallow waters at the margin of the lake.

18.___ The region drained by a stream is called a watershed.

19.___ The gradually sloping region of the ocean floor is called the continental slope.

20.___ The neritic zone of the ocean is equivalent to the littoral zone of lakes.

 

Chapter 6 Questions

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1. An Environmental _______ Statement assesses the potential environmental damage by projects on federal lands.

2. Disease causing organisms are called _______.

3. _________ is the process where new species arise.

4. __________ speciation occurs when new species arrive as a result of geographic isolation.

5. DNA consists of many segments called _______, each of which plays a specific role in regulating cell structure and function.

6. The germ cells, the sperm and egg, are called _________.

7. ________ reproduction occurs when offspring are produced by union of sperm from males and ova from females.

8. _______ is a measure of the reproductive success of an individual in a population.

9. _________ is the process in which life formed and new life-forms emerge.

10. The first community to become established on barren land is the _________ community.

11. The end-point of natural succession is the ________ community.

12. _________ succession occurs when an ecosystem is disturbed by natural or human causes.

13. Species _________ is a measure of the number of species living in a community.

14. Factors that cause the population to increase are called ________ factors.

15. __________ are animals that consume other organisms.

16. The human body’s state of internal constancy is called __________.

17. Weather and the chemical environment are _______ factors effecting the growth of a population.

18. The animals that are eaten by predators are called _____.

19. The abiotic and biotic growth reducing factors are called environmental ________ by ecologists.

20. Natural _________ is a process in which a biotic community forms on a lifeless piece of ground.

Chapter 7

1. ___ Dryopithecines have rise to modern apes (chimpanzees, gibbons, and gorillas).

2. ___ Homo sapiens emerged about 100,000 years ago.

3. ___ Walking by using two limbs is called bipedal locomotion.

4. ___ Hunting and gathering people had a nomadic lifestyle.

5. ___ Slash-and-burn agriculture is also called swidden agriculture.

6. ___ The plow came into use about 20,000 years B.C..

7. ___ The first area to develop seed crop agriculture was in Australia.

8. ___ Agroforestry is a method used to harvest trees for food production.

9. ___ Industrial societies emerged in England in the 1700s.

10.___ Individuals in hunting and gathering societies require about 2000-5000 kilocalories per day.

11.___ DDT is a nutrient added to animal feed to increase growth.

12.___ Biodegradable materials are broken down by bacteria and other organisms.

13.___ Acid rain is an example of cross-media contamination.

14.___ A kilocalorie is a measure of length.

15.___ Per capita energy use in the United States and Canada averages about 2500 kilocalories per day.

16.___ John Deere tractors were important in the development of agricultural societies.

17.___ Fossil fuels were very important in hunting and gathering societies.

18.___ Slash-and-burn agriculture is used in tropical rain forests to create cropland.

19.___ Australopithecines emerged about 3.5 million years ago.

20.___ Mass production and modern technology are part of industrial societies

 

Chapter 8

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1.  ________ growth occurs when the population increases by a fixed percentage each year.

2.  A population _________ is a bar graph that displays the age and sex composition of a population.  

3.  When the _____ rate equals the death rate the population will cease to grow.

4.  ZPG stands for _______ population growth.

5.  Total ________ rate is the number of children women in a population are expected to have in their lifetime.

6.  __________ refers to the movement of people into a country.

7.  __________ refers to the movement of people out of the country.

8.  _________ migration refers to the movement of people within a country from one region to another region.

9.  The United States, Japan, Australia and Russia are __________ countries with a strong economic base.

10.  ________ time is the time it takes a population to double in size.

11.  The number of births per 1000 people in a population is the ______ birth rate.

12.  The growth rate is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude ______ rate.

13.  The _______ capacity is the number of organisms a particular area can support.

14.  Social problems as a result of overpopulation in cities have been called inner city _______.

15.  The world's fastest growing countries in decreasing order are:  ______, Latin American, and Asia.

16.  Populations can continue to grow after they have reached replacement-level fertility due to the ______ effect.

17.  TFR refers to the total ________ rate.

18.  In 1971 _______ adopted a national population policy that was successful in reducing the population's growth rate.

19.  S-shaped growth curves are also called _________ curves.

20.  In ______ Congress passed the Immigration Act.