Environmental Science Quiz 3 – Chapters 9-12 Chiras

Name: _______________

Chapter 9 Questions

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1. __________ is refraining from intercourse.

2. Family planning programs promoted by governments are called extended ______ programs.

3. ________ planning allows couples to determine the number and spacing of offspring.

4. __________ are any chemicals, devices or methods that prevent sperm and egg from uniting.

5. ______ family planning programs involve strict governmental limitations on family size.

6. The _______ stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and high death rates.

7. The use of ________ measures are devices or techniques that reduce the chance of fertilization.

8. One of the root causes of rampant population growth is the _______ of women.

9. ________ programs make birth control information and methods available to the public at a low cost.

10. The transitional stage of demographic transition is characterized by _____ birth rates and falling death rates.

11. The intentional interruption of pregnancy through surgical means or drug treatments is called induced ________.

12. ________, the largest nation on earth, has a forced family planning program.

13. A world leader in urban growth management is the state of ________.

14. The U.S. Agency for International _________ was the major sponsor of family planning programs in the developing world from 1965 to 1980.

15. Ecologist Garrett Hardin argues that the integrity of the biosphere and the Earth’s ______ capacity should be the guiding principle in the debate.

16. Today, one-third of the world’s population is under the age of __ and is soon to enter its reproductive years.

17. It took Finland over _____ years to approach a balance between birth rate and death rate.

18. Planned Parenthood in the United States is a private, ________ organization with clinics in large cities.

19. The demographic changes that occur with economic development in developing nations is called demographic __________.

20. Studies show that a 1% growth in the labor force requires a __% economic growth rate.

Chapter 10

Multiple Choice Questions (please highlight or circle the correct answer)

Chapter 11 Questions

True/False Questions

1. ___ Accelerated extinction is the loss of species as a result of human activities.

2. ___ An endangered species is one that is still abundant in its natural range but is likely to become extinct in time.

3. ___ Habitat alteration is the number one cause of species extinction.

4. ___ Subsistence hunting includes large-scale, commercial, whale hunting and hunting African rhinos for their horns.

5. ___ Illegal hunting is called poaching.

6. ___ In Hawaii, 90% of all bird species have been wiped out by human inhabitants and organisms that humans have introduced.

7. ___ Keystone species are organisms upon which many other species in an ecosystem depend.

8. ___ The Passenger Pigeon is now a common species thanks to the Endangered Species Act.

9. ___ Protecting natural systems helps preserve many ecological services such as flood control and water pollution abatement.

10.___ The United States Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1914.

11.___ A wildlife corridor is a strip of land that connects habitats set aside to protect species.

12.___ A buffer zone is a region of intense human development, for instance, timber cutting and manufacturing, that is located near a wilderness area.

13.___ An extractive reserve is land set aside for native people to use on a sustainable basis.

14.___ The first extractive reserve established in the world is in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska.

15.___ The Endangered Species Act requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop recovery plans for endangered species.

16.___ Tropical rain forests house at least half of the Earth's species.

17.___ DDT was the chemical responsible for the restoration of peregrine falcon populations in the United States.

18.___ 50% of all prescription and nonprescription drugs are made with chemicals derived from or originally extracted from wild plants.

19.___ Wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural systems provide billions of dollars worth of services that most of us take for granted.

20.___The term "debt-for-nature swap" refers to the ability of developing nations to take on foreign debt in order to protect species in foreign countries.

 

Chapter 12 Questions

 

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1.  _______ cutting is the removal of a limited number of trees form a forest.

2.  _______ are the grasslands that are used by grazing animals.

3.  _______ form the base of the food chain on rangelands.

4.  Grasses can withstand ______ because their roots extend deep into underground water supplies.

5.  The Bureau of Land _________ manages most of the federally owned cropland.

6.  Withholding cattle from rangeland and allowing the grasses to mature and produce seed is called ________ grazing.

 7.  The U.S. Congress passed the Public Rangelands Improvement Act in ______.

 8.  Deforestation results from many factors including _________, population growth, poverty and inequitable land ownership.

 9.  Clear-cutting is a standard method of harvest that is used primarily for _______ that grow in large stands containing few tree species.

10.  Approximately ___% of the nutrients of a rainforest are in biomass and only 5% are in the soil.

 11.  In ____, Brazil established the first extractive reserve in the world.

 12.  ________ cutting is a kind of selective harvest method where poor-quality trees are removed first from mixed timber stands, leaving the healthiest trees intact.

 13.  The remaining uncut forests are called ________ forests.

 14.  __________ is land not significantly altered by human activities.

 15.  In _____, Congress passed the Wilderness Act establishing the National Wilderness Preservation System.

 16.  Better management of existing forests, including tree  ________ and prescribe burns, helps to create a more diverse and healthy forest.

17.  President _______ ________ established the U.S. Forest Service in 1905.  

 18.  According to the Forest Service, ___% of all forest fires are caused by human beings.

 19.  _________ burns are used by the Forest Service to remove underbrush and litter.

 20.  The conversion of snow to water vapor is called _____________.