Environmental Science Quiz 4 Chapters 13-16 Chiras

Name: ______________

1. ____ rivers are rivers or sections of rivers that are relatively inaccessible and untamed.

2. The gradual movement of sand along a beach is called beach _____.

3. The Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 was established to prohibit the expenditure of federal money for highway construction and other ___________ on barrier islands.

4. The federal government can purchase wetlands and set them aside as part of the National Wildlife _______ System.

5. The federal Coastal Zone Management Act calls on states to develop plans to protect coastal _________.

6. _________ are perpetually or periodically flooded lands.

7. Streambed __________ is a kind of streamlining rivers produced by deepening and straightening river channels.

8. ____% of the water on Earth is in the oceans.

9. Removing the salts from seawater for drinking and irrigation is called _________.

10. Water from showers, sinks and washing machines is called the _____ water.

11. The soil compacts and sink when groundwater is withdrawn, a process cause ________.

12. A drought exists when rainfall is ___% below average for a period of 21 days or longer.

13. _____ runoff is a the amount of water flowing in rivers and streams that one can count on from year to year.

14. The evaporative loss of water from leaves is called __________.

15. The _______ humidity is the amount of moisture present in air compared with the amount it could hold if fully saturated, at any given temperature.

16. The loss of water from the soil and leaves is called _____________.

17. If the relative humidity is 100% the air is said to be __________.

18. Clouds form when water molecules attach onto various small suspended particles in the air called _________ nuclei.

19. Together, coastal wetlands and estuaries make up the ________ zone.

20. Between 1940 and 1971, _______ miles of U.S. streams were channelized by the Army Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service.

 

 

1. ___Crude oil or petroleum is a thick liquid containing many combustible hydrocarbons.

2. ___40% of the energy used in the United States comes from oil.

3. ___Natural gas is a fossil fuel that does not burn as cleanly as coal.

4. ___Natural gas is a mixture of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons, mostly methane.

5. ___Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel.

6. ___Coal is a liquid fuel that is heavier in density than natural gas.

7. ___The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act was enacted in 1956.

8. ___Strip mines have very minimal impacts on the local environment.

9. ___Fly ash is mineral matter released during the operation of wind generators.

10. ___Sulfur dioxide is one pollutant produced during the combustion of coal.

11. ___Many abandoned coal mines in the East leak sulfuric acid into streams.

12. ___Acid mine drainage increases the fertility of rivers it leaks into.

13. ___Sulfur dioxides in stack gases can be removed using a scrubber.

14. ___Oil shale is an igneous rock containing a combustible organic material.

15. ___Tar sands contain a combustible organic material known as synfuel.

16. ___Gamma rays are a high-energy form of radiation with no mass and no charge.

17. ___Nuclear reactors that are cooled with water are called light water reactors.

18. ___Fission reactions in the nuclear reactor are held in check by using a breeder reactor.

19. ___The sun generates energy by nuclear fusion.

20. ___Nuclear power has become a socially unacceptable form of electricity in part because of the high costs associated with all phases of operation.

 

1. Planting _______ trees around homes can reduce summer cooling costs.

2. In industrial __________ waste heat from one process is captured and used in another.

3. Huge cuts in energy demand can be made by applying energy _______ measures.

4. About one-third of the energy consumed in the U.S. is consumed in _________.

5. The National Appliance Conservation Act was passed by Congress in ______.

6. __________ planning requires power companies to select the least costly way of providing electricity.

7. Well-designed passive systems can provide ___% of a home’s space heating.

8. Solar energy is considered a ________ energy source.

9. The earth-______ house is built partly or entirely underground to take advantage of the insulative properties of soil.

10. Active heating and cooling systems employ solar _________.

11. ____________ provide a way of generating electricity from sunlight.

12. Solar ________ electric facilities heat water using sunlight.

13. ________ solar energy stores heat in thermal mass.

14. _____ are produced by solar energy and can be used to generate electricity.

15. ________ is organic matter such as wood or crop wastes that can be burned or converted into gaseous or liquid fuels.

16. Biomass supplies about ___% of the world’s energy.

17. Unlike fossil fuels, biomass does not pollute the atmosphere with _______ dioxide.

18. ___________ power is a renewable resource usually tapped by damming streams and rivers.

19. __________ convection zones are places where magma intrudes into the Earth’s crust and heats rock that contains large amounts of groundwater.

20. _________ zones are aquifers that are trapped by impermeable rock strata and heated by underlying magma.

 

Chapter 16

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

 

1.  Gold is sometimes extracted from crushed ore by spraying a cyanide solution of the piles, a process called _____ leaching.

2.  Hillsides can be blasted with high-pressure water to extract ores from the soil by a process called ______ mining.

3.  The United States stockpiles a _____-year supply of strategic minerals.  

4.  A concentrated deposit of minerals that can be mined and refined economically is called an _____.

5.  Bridges, highways and buildings form the ________ of a nation.

6.  The United States has about 6% of the world's population and consumes about ___% of its minerals.

7.  Copper is used to make electrical wires and water _____.

8.  Aluminum and copper ore are ______-yielding minerals.

9.  Basalt and granite are ________ rocks.

10.  ________ are largely inorganic substances such as sand, gravel and iron ore.

11.  Coal and oil are _____ minerals.

12.  Lime and pumice are __________ minerals.

13.  Sand and gravel are ________ materials.

14.  Solid aggregates that usually contain two or more different types of mineral are called ____.

15.  The Earth started as a molten mass but the surface cooled, forming the ______.

16.  Stone, clays and lime are __________ minerals.

17.  Aluminum, zinc and silver are ______.

18.  The process of melting ore to extract a metal is called ________.

19.  The General Mining Act of _____ permits miners to purchase federally owned lands.

20.  The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act places tight controls on ________ wastes.