Environmental Science Quiz 5 Chapters 17-20 Chiras

Name: ______________

 Chapter 17

True/False Questions

 1.  ___ Human systems are unsustainable because they exceed the carrying capacity of the earth.

2.  ___ Sustainable land-use planning seeks to use land more efficiently.

3.  ___ Compact development is commonly referred to as urban sprawl.

4.  ___ Satellite development involves the development of outlying communities connected to the metropolitan area by highways.

5.  ___ Concentrating housing and business growth along major transportation corridors is called corridor development.

6.  ___ The main tool of land-use planning for years has been greenbelt development.

7.  ___ A development right is a law that classifies land according to use and prohibits certain land uses.

8.  ___ More efficient vehicles and clean-burning fuels may be part of the first phase of the transition to a sustainable society

9.  ___ Today, nearly 70% of the energy Americans consume is used by the transportation sector.

10.___ The differential tax rate allows city officials to tax different lands at different tax rates.

11.___ Mass transit is less efficient than using automobiles.

12.___ Telecommuters take the commuter train to work.

13.___ To be profitable, high-speed rail requires high-participation, high-density population in outlying areas and a large central business district.

14.___ California is a catalyst for many of the changes occurring in automobile design.

15.___ Greenbelts are undeveloped areas in or around cities and towns.

16.___ Zoning can protect farmland and other lands from urban development.

17.___ Urban sprawl is the sustainable, planned growth of residential areas.

18.___ Mass transit uses buses, commuter trains and light rail to increase the efficiency of transportation.

19.___ The most efficient mode of mass transportation is air travel.

20.___ For decades, the bicycle has been a major means of transportation in many European and Asian countries.

Chapter 18

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1.   ______ cells are the reproductive cells of an organism.

2.   __________ is only caused by exposure to asbestos fibers.

3.   The amount of toxin that an animal is exposed to is known as the ______.

4.   The ____ is the lethal dose of a toxin that kills half of the test animals.

5.   The _________ of exposure is the amount of time an individual animal is exposed to a toxic substance.

6.   Short term exposure to a toxin generally lasts less than ___ hours.

7.   Chronic exposure to a toxin normally lasts more than __ months.

8.   The slowest and least effective route of exposure of toxins is the _____.

9.   ________ exposure is contact with a toxin by breathing.

10. Radioactive iodine released from nuclear accidents may be accumulated in the human ______ gland.

11. DDT is a persistent pesticide that may accumulate in body _____.

12. In biological ____________ tissue concentrations of toxins increase at each level of the food chain.

13. ___________ is the buildup of chemicals within the tissues and organs of the body.

14. ________ result from an uncontrolled growth of the tissues in the body.

15. The spread of cancerous cells in the body to other tissues is called __________.

16. Chemicals that cause mutations in the genetic material of an organism are known as _______.

17. Chemicals that cause birth effects are called __________.

18. Chemicals that increase the chance of development of cancer are known as __________.

19. The developmental period when organs are formed in the embryo is known as ___________.

20. __________ carcinogens by cause cancer without altering the DNA directly.

Chapter 19

True/False Questions

1.  ___ Nonanthropogenic pollutants come from human sources.

2.  ___ Air contains 24% nitrogen and 78% oxygen.

3.  ___ Carbon dioxide is one of the criteria air pollutants.

4.  ___ Fossil fuels consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen.

5.  ___ Pollutants released into the atmosphere are called primary pollutants.

6.  ___ Acid rain formation would be an example of a secondary pollutant.

7.  ___ Denver, Los Angeles and Salt Lake City are brown-air cities.

8.  ___ Older industrial cities with moister climates, particulate emissions and sulfur oxides             are brown-air cities.

9.  ___ Air pollutants that end up contaminating water or land on earth is an example of cross-media contamination.

10.___ Mountains and hilly terrain can impede the flow of air resulting in the buildup of pollutants in cities and industrialized areas.

11.___ Temperature inversions trap warm air near the earth beneath a layer of very cold air.

12.___ A subsidence inversion occurs when a high pressure air mass slides over a colder air mass.

13.___ Air pollution damages many human-made materials from metal to concrete.

14.___ The Federal Clean Air Act was passed by the Congress in 1963.

15.___ Attainment regions are regions where air quality meets federal standards.

16.___ Catalytic converts transform ozone into oxygen and carbon dioxide.

17.___ Sound waves are compression waves that travel through the air.

18.___ Loudness is measured in amperes.

19.___ Cycles per second are commonly called hertz.

20.___ Noise is an unwanted, unpleasant sound.

Chapter 20

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1.  The pH scale ranges from 0 to ___.

2.  The pH value indicating a neutral solution is ___.

3.  ___ deposition refers to acids deposited in rain and snow.

4.  ___ deposition occurs when air pollutants settle out of the atmosphere.

5.  _____ are chemical substances that allow aquatic systems to resist changes in pH.  

6.  ________ interferes with normal calcium deposition in bird eggs resulting in soft eggshells.

7.  Acid deposition may damage the foliage and ____ of plants.

8.  Approximately ___-___ of the sunlight striking the Earth and its atmosphere is reflected back into space.

9.  Carbon dioxide molecules in the atmosphere absorb _______ radiation escaping from the Earth's surface and radiate it back to the Earth.

10.  The trapping of heat within the Earth's atmosphere by pollutants is called the ______ effect.

11.  The four most important gases involved in global warming are:  carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide and _______.

12.  One molecule of CFC is equivalent to ______ molecules of carbon dioxide.

13.  In 1987, 24 nations signed a treaty called the _______ Protocol that would cut production of five CFCs by half by 1999.  

14.  The ozone layer extends from 10 to __ miles above the Earth's surface.

15.  The ozone layer is threatened by the use of CFCs and ___ travel through the atmosphere.

16.  All jets release ____ ____ gas that can react with ozone in the upper atmosphere.

17.  In small amounts, _________ radiation tans the skin and stimulated vitamin D production.

18.  The greatest declines in ozone have been recorded over ________ and the southern tip of Argentina.

19.  CFCs are being replaced by a class of compounds called _____ that are much less damaging to atmospheric ozone.

 20. The most widely used CFC is Freon-___.