Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are useful for patients needing intermediate-length therapy. They can remain in place 3 to 12months, although some are left in longer, and the Intravenous Nurses Society(INS) states that it isn't clear how frequently these catheters should be changed. They're usually inserted in the cephalic or basilic vein at the antecubital fossa or 3 inches (7.5 cm) above or below it. The catheter tip is then advanced into the superior vena cava or subclavian vein. Cost-effective, this is the only central device that can be inserted by a specially prepared RN in the patient's home. PICCs have a low rate of sepsis--less than 1%. They may be used in patients receiving all types of therapy, including long-term TPN.

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