Gifted Study Guide for Test: DNA and Protein Synthesis

Terms to know:

Concepts:

• describe Hershey & Chase's experiment with the bacteriophage and bacteria (DNA vs protein coat)
• describe Griffith's experiment about bacterial transformation (with the mice, good & bad bacteria...)
• compare & contrast DNA & RNA
• what 3 things make up DNA? how are they organized?
• what 3 things make up RNA? how are they organized?
• recognize a point mutation, frameshift mutation, substitution, insertion, & deletion
• genes can be turned on and off (if they are only used some of the time)
• size relationship between a cell, nucleus, chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide
• 3 types of RNA: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, & transfer RNA; what is the function of each?
• what pairs up in DNA or RNA?
• DNA can be copied in a test tube using polymerase chain reaction techniques (PCR- remember the reading)
• electrophoresis is used to separate DNA segments of different lengths, based on what?
• examples of mutagens?
• what makes up ribosomes? (2 things)
• describe/demonstrate DNA replication, transcription, & translation
• what is a transgenic organism?
• what process forms mRNA?
• what kinds of mutations can and cannot be passed on to offspring?
• who discovered the "double helix" shape of DNA?  who helped? (from video)
• DNA codes for the amino acid sequence that determines _____________
• what is a start codon?  a stop codon?
• analyze data from electrophoresis
• DNA is copied in two directions; name of enzyme
• nondisjunction causes what kinds of errors?
• define and give examples of trisomy and monosomy
• identify chromosomal errors: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

Diagrams about replication, transcription, translation, PCR, mutations, electrophoresis...