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This often makes the psychological effects of AAS the central focus of "scare tactic" approaches, which garner attention because, intrinsically, people are primarily concerned with danger to themselves, and then the danger to users. bodybuilding nude Oral-steroid-cycles. Scare tactics aimed at users tend to focus on those effects that "hit close to home" such as testicular shrinkage for young male users. It is not surprising that, in a society frightened by increasing instances of apparently random and senseless acts of violence, the image of an aggressive AAS user engenders fear regarding the epidemic use of AAS and tends to increase support for expanding bans to other currently legal substances. Most research indicates that the above does not describe the "typical" AAS user. bodybuilding nude Steroids-and-cancer. Still it is a headline that is frequently used to draw the attention of the public by researchers who should be more critical and careful when they present conclusions. Perhaps their concerns regarding the AAS "epidemic" lead them to believe they have good reason and justification to focus on these issues. Comments regarding the probability or subtlety of such effects are often relegated to discussion sections of manuscripts, as opposed to the abstract, which is often the only section read by casual consumers. bodybuilding nude Muscle anatomy. Scientists might believe that the public is incapable of handling the details. Whether true or not, that does not justify presenting partial and potentially misleading information. Sometimes the dearth of details is the cost paid to present results in bits small enough to be presented before the viewer's attention wavers. Of course, it may also be that an idea is being sold, hence packaged to catch the public's eye. Often the impetus for such presentations emerges from tragic tales of steroid use and negative outcomes (e. g. , Pasquarelli, 1992; Purdy, 1991). There is, however, a lack of interest in stories of AAS users with no marked or clinically relevant personality change or psychopathology, apparently because AAS use, in and of itself, is viewed negatively by non-users (Van Raalte, Cusimano, Brewer, & Matheson, 1993). Nonetheless, such cases could be helpful in understanding the negative psychological effects seen in other AAS users. Examining cases in which effects do not occur can also be very instructive in understanding the processes involved. But just like tales of sober driving and safe sex, such tales do not make headlines. There seems a strong juxtaposition between science and entertainment - the research on the psychological effects of AAS use is rarely presented to the public in a thoughtful or critical manner. Although the amount of research on AAS use and psychological factors has grown over the years, it has too often been ignored, misrepresented, or misused to create one-line summaries. Even accomplished researchers fall prey to such lapses, ignoring much of what is known about psychological processes in substance use and its outcomes. Presenting research to the public is never easy, however, and I should note that, as a researcher, there a few things scarier than seeing a study that took years to plan, run, analyze, and publish summarized in 30 seconds on the evening news. Believe me, I always end up mumbling, "But, that's not what I said!"Methods of Research on the Psychological Effects of AASThe majority of the research on AAS' psychological effects has described the psychological characteristics of users, compared them to non-users, and sometimes compared them to prior users who are not currently using. Some studies use non-using resistance trainers (generic term for people who train with weights) to control for training's effects on psychological factors.
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