DC2004 Chapter 2 Checkpoint Solution

Label the Figure

Choose the one that corresponds to the number of blanks in the question printed in your text.

(c) protocol
(a) domain name
(b) path
(e) Web page name (file name)
(d) user name
(f) domain name

True/False

Answer

Correct Statement

1. T

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet. [ http://www.w3c.org ]

2. T

An access provider is a business that provides access to the Internet for a fee.

3. T

A domain name is the text version of an IP [Internet Protocol] address.

4. F

	A web site is a collection of related web pages and associated items, such as documents and pictures, stored on a web server. [A web site is a directory accessible to a web server that has assigned to it the name of a file as a default web page called a home page.]
	A web site usually contains one or more web pages that are linked together and related data files.
	A web site may (and usually does) contain files other than web pages.
	A web page is an electronic document that is written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

5. F

	Downloading is the process of fetching a file from a server.
	Web servers are not the only type of server that files may be downloaded from. For example, an FTP server.
	The server being downloaded from may be on a local area network not connected to the Internet.

6. T

	A search engine is a software program that finds Web sites and Web pages.
	A search engine usually coexists with an associated database of web addresses and key words. A query to a search engine is usually satisfied by retrieval of web addresses from the local database.

7. F

	An educational web site contains pages and links related to education and information of academic interest.
	An advocacy web site contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea.
	A web site may fall in several categories simultaneously. An example is a Portal.

8. T

Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.

Streaming concept:

	Send, receive, buffer, play, discard
	Packets are made available to the user upon packet arrival rather than waiting for complete file transmission.
	No beginning or end of message is necessary. Can transmit continuous broadcase, such as a radio station, over the Internet. Example: Federal Radio News (a broadcast service of WTOP): http://www.federalnewsradio.com/

9. F

	Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce consists of a consumer (not a business) selling directly to another consumer.
	Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of a business selling goods and services to the general public.

10. F

	Instant Messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communication service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them.
	A Chat Room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. Anyone in the chat room can participate in the conversation.

Multiple Choice

(a) The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet.
(d) With dial-up Internet access, the telephone number you dial connects to an access point called a POP (point of presence).
(d) An IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers separated by periods.
[Next Generation Internet, IPng, IPv6, has a 128-bit address. One overview is Robert M. Hinden, "IP Next Generation Overview" (14 May 1995). http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/INET-IPng-Paper.html (21 DEC 2003)][A more recent description is Robert M. Hinden and Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture" (July 1998). ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2373.txt (21 DEC 2003).]

An IPv6 address consists of eight 16-bit pieces written in hexadecimal spearated by colons in a format such as: 01:23:45:67:89:AB:CD:EF, with an adjacent set of colons :: representing a set of contiguous zeros. The double-colon notation may appear in an IPc6 address only once.
(b) Web-enabled mobile devices use a microbrowser which is designed for small screens and limited computing power.
(c) Many web addresses begin with http, which is the protocol.
(c) Many search engines use a program called a spider to build and maintain lists of words found on web sites.
(a) Many portals have web communities that join a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships.
(d) The purpose of an advocacy web site is to convince the reader of the validity of the cause, opinion, or idea. [Sometimes "news" sites are really "advocacy" sites. You must do your own reality check on everything you see on the Internet.]
(b) MP3 format reduces the size of an audio file to about one-tenth its original size, while preserving the quality of the sound.
(d) In business-to-consumer e-commerce, a customer visits an online business through an electronic storefront.
(a) A computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages is called a news server.
(c) In a newsgroup, a thread or threaded discussion consists of the original article and all subsequent related replies.
(b) "Avoid offensive language" is a rule of netiquette.
(c) A submission service helps in ~~deploying~~ [registering] a web site [with search engines].

Matching

traffic (b): Communications activity on the Internet.
home page (e): First page that a web site displays.
downloading (h): Process of a computer receiving information from a server on the Internet.
thumbnail (k): Small version of a larger graphic.
player (a): Special software needed to listen to an audio file on a computer.
streaming (d): Process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.
shopping cart (g): Allows an e-commerce customer to collect purchases.
e-mail program (j): Software used to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages.
e-mail address (c): Combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies an Internet user.
uploading (l): Process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from ;your computer to an Internet server.

Short Answer Questions

1a. How is a regional ISP different from a national ISP?

	A regional ISP usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic area.
	A national ISP is a larger business that provides Internet access in several major cities and towns nationwide.

Notes from: Debra Littlejohn Shinder, Computer Networking Essentials, CISCO Press (2001)

	An Internet Service Provider establishes an access point, directly or indirectly, to the Internet. (Page 270)
	A regional provider connects a regional network to the national Internet backbone. Examples: BAARNet, Westnet, NEARNET and NYSERNet, MIDnet, SURAnet, and CICnet. (Page 271)
	A national access provider (NAP) is a location where access providers are interconnected. (Page 271)

1b. How are an ISP, OSP, and WSP different?

	An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a regional or national access provider. [However, see above.]
	An Online Service Provider (OSP) is an ISP that provides services and databases. America Online (AOL) and Microsoft Network (MSN) are examples. [An OSP contracts with ISPs to provide access, service, and online resources to subscribers within the region they service, which can be national such as AOL and MSN. An OSP does not necessarily provide the access itself.]
	A Wireless Service Provider (WSP) provides wireless access to the Internet. AT&T Wireless, GoAmerica, and Verizon Wireless are examples.

2a. How is a web page different from a web site?

A web page is an HTML file. HTML means "Hypertext Markup Language". A web page often includes code to display or present graphics, sound, and video files. A web page may also include links to other web pages.

A web site consists of at least one HTML file on a Web server, often called a "Home Page". A web site may include non-HTML files.

Technically, a web site is a directory on a web server that is given a web site address. It is possible for such a site to have only files for retrieval that are not HTML files. Retrieval requires external knowledge of the existence of such files. Normally, web administrators require at least one index or default HTML file as a home page, but there is a difference between "being normal or usual" and "being necessary or required".

Not all files in a web site directory are retrievable by an external visitor. For example, you can have an Access database file used to store captured data from HTML forms. Web servers differ on where such files may be stored. This is due to the server's structure for implementing security measures. On Unix machines, it is common that a separate cgi directory be used for code used to parse an HTML form. The system administrator can alter these details. It can be handled differently on machines with Novell and MS Internet Information Server.

2b. How can you use a web address to display a web page?

	Type the web address into the Address bar of the web browser.
	Click on a web address that appears as a hyperlink in an electronic document.

3a. What is a search engine?

A search engine is a server, software, and a data base that catalogs web sites by key words. Clients may obtain URLs to web sites by defining a search query to the search engine. Search engines maintain a data base of results of previous searches. The data bases also include web sites sponsored by advertisers, which might otherwise have escaped notice of the search engine. The search engine does its own searches during low activity periods. It does not do a world-wide search for each request it receives. For this reason, different search engines have different data bases. If you are really in need of exhaustive information, you want to search multiple search engine data bases.

3b. How can you reduce the number of hits a search engine returns?

	Use multiple key words to reduce the scope of the search.
	Use a search engine that specializes in your area of interest.

4a. What is an FTP server?

An FTP server is software on a host machine that allows users to transfer files using File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

4b. What is anonymous FTP?

Anonymous FTP is the use, when permitted, of an FTP server without requiring an account on the FTP host computer system.

5a. What happens when you subscribe to, or unsubscribe from, a mailing list?

	Subscribing to a mailing list is the act of having your e-mail address added to the mailing list used by the list server.
	Unsubscribing from a mailing list is the act of having your e-mail address on a mailing list either removed or marked as inactive.

5b. How can you locate a mailing list on a particular topic?

Use a search engine to locate mailing lists of interest.

DC2002 Short Answer Questions

1a. What is a network?

A network is a collection of 2 or more computers and devices connected together.

1b. What is a node?

In a network, a host node, or host, is any computer that directly connects to the network.

1c. What is an ISP?

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business that has a permanent Internet connection and provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee.

2a. How are a Web page, Web site, and a home page different?

A home page is the default page sent by a web server to a web client when a web site is first referenced. A home page may contain hyperlinks to other files that may be retrieved from that site. It is a starting point, which often is similar to a book cover or table of contents for the site providing information about the purpose and content of the site.

2b. What is a URL?

A URL is a Uniform Resource Locator. It specifies a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific web page or location in a web page.

3b. What is a plug-in?

A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a browser.

3c. Why would you use a plug-in?

You would use a plug-in to display multimedia elements on a Web page that cannot be displayed by the basic browser.

4a. What does it mean to subscribe to a newsgroup?

Subscribing to a newsgroup consists of saving the URL of a newsgroup for future reference, and possibly registering for access to the newsgroup. The New York Times web site requires registration. The IEEE site requires payment of membership dues and registration.

4b. What is the difference between a newsgroup and Usenet?

	A newsgroup is an online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject.
	Usenet is the entire collection of Internet newsgroups. Historically, USENET was a pre-Internet network in the early 1980s. It coexisted with another network, BitNet.

4c. What is a threaded discussion?

A thread or threaded discussion consists of an original article and all subsequent related replies.

5a. What is FTP?

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet.

5b. What is an FTP site?

An FTP site is a collection of files, including text, graphics, audio, video, and program files, that reside on an FTP server.

5c. Why would someone use an FTP server?

Use FTP to download files. If you know a file is resident on an FTP site, you can usually download it much faster using FTP than you can by using a hyperlink on the WWW. It saves much time. A good Windows-based FTP program is WS_FTP. You can use command-line (original) FTP from most on-line computers.