MEDIEVAL HISTORY

Medieval Wales

49 The Romans fall on the men of the Deceangli

51 In this Caradog was defeated and taken to Rome in chains

61 The Romans came across the water to destroy the sacred groves of the old religion

383 Mac Sen Wledig marched from Britain under the Red Dragon

388 Macsen Wledig fell this year

400 Cunedda, Kaletach wrth elyn nac asgwrn, and his sons came from Gododdin to expel the Irish

410 The last of the Legions sailed from Britain

The Age of Arthur

429 Saint Garmon came to combat the Pelagians

430 The betrayal of Gwrtheyrn

450 Between these two kinds of death we shall either be slaughtered or drowned

453 Easter. altered on the Lord's Day by Pope Leo

454 St. Brigid is born

457 St. Patrick goes to the Lord

470 Cadwallon Lawhir defeated the Irish at Cerrig y Gwyddel

515 St. David is born

516 The Battle of Badon, in which the Britons were victorious under Arthur

521 The death of St. Brigid; St. Columba is born

521 The Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell: and there was plague in Britain and Ireland

540 St. Illtud goes to the Lord

542 St. Deiniol founded the cathedral at Bangor

547 A great death in which Maelgwyn, king of Gwynedd, died

562 Columba went to Britain

565 The voyage of Gildas to Ireland

569 The "Synod of Victory"

570 Gildas, wisest of Britons, dies

577 The battle of Dyrham

588 St. David died

595 The death of Columba: in this year also Augustine converted the Saxons to Christ

600 Aneirin sang "The Gododdin"

601 The Synod of Chester

615 The Massacre of the saints at Bangor Iscoed; in this year also Selyf ap Cynan Garwyn was defeated by Aethelfrith at Chester

625 The sun is covered

625 A stone is raised for Cadfan of Gwynedd

632 Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia fought, not against one another

632 The battle of Cantscaul in which Cadwallon fell

645 The monastery of David is burnt

660 St. Gwenfrew was killed

665 The first celebration of Easter among the Saxons. The second battle of Badon

676 A star of marvellous brightness

682 The last king of the Britons, Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon, died on pilgrimage to Rome

689 The rain turned to blood in Britain

768 Easter is changed among the Britons, Elfoddw, servant of God, emending it

784 The devastation of Britain by Offa

796 Offa, king of the Mercians, dies

798 Caradog of Gwynedd is killed by the Saxons

822 Degannwy is destroyed by the Saxons and they took the kingdom of Powys into their own control

844 Rhodri ap Merfyn is High King

850 Cynin is killed by the black gentiles

853 Mona laid waste by the black gentiles

864 Duda laid Glywysing waste

864 The fortress of Alt Clud was broken by the black gentiles

877 Rhodri and Gwriad fell to the Saxons

880 Dial Rhodri: Anarawd wins vengeance for Rhodri at God's hand

890 Anarawd visited the court of the English king Alfred

1000 The Millenium came but brought no relief from the black gentiles

1033 The Irish killed Rhydderch ab Iestyn of Deheubarth

1035 A cross was raised at Carew for Maredudd ab Edwin

1039 Gruffudd ap Llywelyn defeated Leofrig of Mercia at Rhydd-y-Groes

1042 Hywel ab Edwin defeated the vikings

1052 Gruffudd ap Llywelyn took Gruffudd ap Rhydderch's kingdom and his life

1055 Gruffudd ap Llywelyn burnt Hereford

1063 Gruffudd ap Llywelyn died at the hands of his own men

1071 The Benedictines founded a priory at Chepstow

1075 Gruffyd ap Cynan failed to regain Gwynedd

1080 The vikings killed the bishop at St David's

1081 William the norman was at St David's; Gruffydd regained Gwynedd

1088 Rhys ap Tewdwr returned from Ireland

1093 Rhys ap Tewdwr fell at Brecon; also at Brecon Bernard de Neufmarchine founded a Benedictine priory

1094 Cadwgan ap Bleddyn repulsed the Normans at Coed Yspwys

1096 William came to Wales but left with no gains

1103 Augustinians founded a priory at Llanthony

1106 Henry de Beaumont raised castle walls at Swansea

1107 Urban the Norman of Llandaff professed obedience to Canterbury; Herve was driven from Bangor

1109 Owain ap Cadwgan stole Nest from Gerald of Windsor

1110 The English king settled Flemings in Pembroke; Brycheiniog was overrun

1113 The Benedictines established a priory at Goldcliff

1114 Gruffudd ap Cynan was forced to pay homage to the English king

1115 Bernard the Norman sits in the seat of St David

1116 The Benedictines established a priory at Bassaleg

1120 Urban had Dyfrig's bones brought to Llandaff

1123 Pope Calixtus II approved the cult of St David

1126 Cardinal John of Cremona visited Llandaff

1130 Neath Abbey was founded by the Savigny order

1131 The Cistercians founded the abbey at Tintern

1135 The Normans fell back in Deheubarth

1136 Geoffrey wrote his History of the Kings of Britain

1136 Gruffudd ap Rhys defeated the Normans at Crug Mawr

1137 Gruffydd ap Cynan and Gruffudd ap Rhys died this year

1138 Priests were forbidden to marry

1140 Whitland Abbey was founded by the Cistercians

1141 Ewenni Priory was founded by the Benedictines

1143 The first founding of the abbey at Cwmhir; a Norman at St Asaph's

1144 The English took Maelienydd

1149 Madog ap Maredudd took Oswestry

1152 Owain ap Gruffydd has power in Gwynedd

1157 Owain ap Gruffydd defeated the Normans at Tal Moelfre but pasid homage to the English king

1160 Madog ap Maredudd died leaving five sons and no ruler in Powys

1163 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur and Owain ap Gruffydd did homage to the English king

1164 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur founded the abbey at Ystrad Fflur

1165 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur and Owain ap Gruffydd rose and defeated the English at Crogen; Rhys took Cilgerran and Cardigan

1167 Owain took Prestatyn and ruled from Anglesey to the Dee

1170 Owain ap Gruffudd ap Maredudd founded the abbey at Ystrad Marchell; Madoc sailed to the West

1171 Rhys made peace with Henry

1174 Dafydd ab Owain married Emma of Anjou

1175 The Christmas massacre at Abergavenny

1176 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur, Yr Arglwydd Rhys, held an eisddfod at Cardigan; the second founding of the abbey at Cwmhir by Cadwallon ap Madog

1184 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur founded the abbey at Talyllychan; Cardiff and Kenfig were burnt

1186 Llywelyn ab Iowerth founded the abbey at Aberconway

1188 Gerallt preached the crusade with Baldwin of Canterbury

1194 Llywelyn ab Iowerth came to power in Gwynedd

1195 Owain ap Gruffudd ap Maredudd of powys retired to Ystrad Marchell

1196 Rhys ap Griffith ap Tudur won a great battle at Radnor

1199 Llywelyn founded the abbey at Cymer

1231 The English king burnt the grange at Cwmhir; Maelgwyn ap Rhys rests at Ystrad Fflur

1235 The abbey at Ystrad Fflur purchased a great bell

1238 All the princes of Wales journeyed to Ystrad Fflur and swore allegiance to Llywelyn and Dafydd ap Llywelyn on October 19th

1282 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd rests at Cwm Hir but the English took his head.

Och hyd atat ti, na ddaw mor dros dir!

Pa beth y'n gedir i ohiriaw?

1283 Dafydd was killed at Shrewsbury

1284 The Statute of Rhuddlan

1292 Rhys ap Maredudd was killed in York

1294 Madog ap Llywelyn was defeated at Maes Moydog

1298 10,000 men marched with Edward to Falkirk

1300 Llawysgrif Hendreadredd was compiled at Ystrad Fflur; elsewhere they compiled the Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch

1301 An English Prince is called Prince of Wales

1312 They say the knights at Slebech were guilty of supremely abominable crimes and their lands are forfeit to the Knights of St John

1314 A thousand fought with the English King at Bannockburn; many died

1315 A great famine; Rhodri ap Gruffydd died in England

1316 Llywelyn ap Rhys rose

1318 Llywelyn ap Rhys was killed

1322 Welsh men attended an English Parliament in York

1337 Gwenllian died a nun in Norfolk

1349 Y Farwolaeth Fawr: we see death come into our midst like black smoke

1370 Dafydd sings no more but lies with princes at Ystrad Fflur

1378 Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri was murdered in France and the English King it was that paid for it to be done

1387 An English prince was born in Wales

1400 Owain ap Gruffudd was proclaimed Prince of Wales at Glyndyfrdwy; in this year also Llyfr Coch Hergest was compiled for Hopcyn ap Tomas ab Einion

1401 Owain captured Conwy castle and beat the English at Huddgen

1402 Mortimer was captured by Owain; the English Parliament enacted penal laws

1403 Sycharth was burnt and Hotspur fell at Shrewsbury

1404 In this year Owain, Prince of Wales, signed a treaty with Charles VI of France and held a Parliament at Machynlleth

1405 In this year the Tri-partite Indentiture was agreed; Owain held a Parliament at Harlech

1408 Aberystwyth and Harlech fell to the English

1410 Rhys ap Tudor, Philip Scudamore and Rhys Ddu were captured at Shrewsbury and killed

1415 Dafydd ap Llywelyn, no friend to Owain, died at Agincourt

1416 Many say that Owain ap Gruffudd died on September 20th; the seers maintain he did not. The English King made pilgrimage to Gwenfrew's well

1421 Maredudd ab Owain took the English King's pardon

1450 A great eisteddfod was held at Carmarthen

1457 Henry Tudor was born at Pembroke

1461 Owen Tudor was killed at Hereford

1468 Jasper Tudor landed at Barmouth

1469 A black day for Wales; many fell at Banbury

1469 Jasper Tudor fled to Brittany with Henry

1485 Henry Tudor sits on the English throne

1486 Prince Arthur was born who never would be king

1501 A Great Council for Wales and the Marches under Prince Arthur at Ludlow

1502 Prince Arthur died

1523 An eisteddfod at Caerwys

1534 Bishop Rowland Lee is President of the Council; many suffered

1536 ...for ever from henceforth incorporated, united and annexed to and with this his Realm of England

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