Asbestosis

Definition

Asbestosis is a respiratory disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally, and cannot perform gas exchange. The severity of the disease depends upon the duration of exposure to asbestos and the amount inhaled.

Asbestos fibers were commonly used in construction before 1975. Asbestos exposure occurs in asbestos mining and milling industries, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. In families of asbestos workers, exposure can also occur from particles brought home on the worker's clothing.

Asbestos-related disease includes pleural plaques (calcification), malignant mesothelioma, and pleural effusion. Mesotheliomas may develop 20 - 40 years after exposure. More than 9 million workers are at risk of developing this disease.

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing the disease. The incidence is 4 out of 10,000 people.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath on exertion
• Cough
• Tightness in the chest
• Chest pain

Possible additional symptoms include the following:

• Nail abnormalities
• Clubbing of fingers

Signs and tests

When listening to the chest with a stethoscope (auscultation), the health care provider may detect a crackling sound.

• Chest x-ray
• Pulmonary function tests
• CT scan of the lungs

Treatment

There is no cure available. Stopping further exposure to asbestos is essential. Supportive treatment of symptoms includes respiratory treatments to remove secretions from the lungs by postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration.

Aerosol medications to thin secretions may be prescribed. Oxygen by mask or by a plastic piece that fits into the nostrils may be needed.

Support Groups

The stress of illness may be eased by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems. See lung disease - support group.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome depends upon the duration and extent of the exposure. Patients who develop malignant mesothelioma have a poor probable outcome, with 75% of those affected dying within 1 year.

Complications

• Malignant mesothelioma
• Pleural effusion

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if exposure to asbestos is suspected or if unexplained symptoms occur.

Prevention

Early screening by chest x-ray of people who are exposed to asbestos may help prevent asbestosis.

Illustrations

Respiratory system

Page Content:

Pulmonary fibrosis - from asbestos exposure; Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis - from asbestos exposure