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Hemolytic anemia

Definition

Hemolytic anemia is a condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells (anemia) caused by premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia, which are described individually.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to compensate for premature destruction of red blood cells by increasing their production. When the marrow is able to compensate, anemia does not occur.

There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the location of the defect. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factor), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factor).

Causes of hemolytic anemia include infection, certain medications, autoimmune disorders, and inherited disorders. Types of hemolytic anemia include:

Symptoms

Signs and tests

These are tests for hemolysis (red blood cell destruction). There are specific tests which identify the specific types of hemolytic anemia. They are performed after hemolysis has been established.

Direct measurement of the red cell life span by isotopic tagging techniques shows a decreased life span.

This disease may also alter the following test results depending on the specific cause:

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia. Folic acid, iron replacement, and corticosteroids may be used. In emergencies, transfusion of blood may be necessary.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome depends upon the type of hemolytic anemia.

Complications

The complications vary with the specific type of hemolytic anemia. Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse. Severe anemias can aggravate pre-existing heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of hemolytic anemia develop.

Prevention

There is no known prevention for hemolytic anemia.

Illustrations

Red blood cells, sickle cell
Red blood cells, sickle cell
Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells
Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells
Red blood cells, sickle cells
Red blood cells, sickle cells
Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer
Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer
Blood cells
Blood cells

Page Content:

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