Transient tic disorder

Definition

Transient tic disorder is a temporary condition that causes single or multiple motor tics, which are brief, repetitive, difficult-to-control movements or noises (vocalizations).

The tics often resemble nervous behavoir.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Transient (short-lived, temporary) tic disorder is common in children: Up to 24% of all school-age children have had tics.

The cause of transient tic disorder can be physical or psychological. It may be a mild variant of Tourette's syndrome. The child may have facial tics or tics involving movement of the arms, legs, or other areas. Tics appear to get worse with emotional stress and do not occur during sleep.

Symptoms

• Movements are recurrent and nonrythmic
• Patients experience an overwhelming inner urge to make the movement
• Movements are most often brief and jerky and include the following:
  • Blinking
  • Raising eyebrows
  • Nostrils flaring
  • Grimacing
  • Opening the mouth
  • Sticking out the tongue
  • Shrugging shoulders
  • Jerking arms
  • Clenching the fists
  • Kicking
  • Curling of the toes

Vocalizations, such as grunts, sniffing, throat clearing, squealing, snorting, clicking, hissing, or moaning may also occur.

Signs and tests

Physical causes of transient tic disorder should be considered before a diagnosis is made.

In order to be diagnosed with transient tic disorder, a person must have had tics almost every day for at least 4 weeks, but less than a year.

Treatment

Health care providers recommend that family members do NOT call attention to the tics at first, since unwanted attention may make the tics worse. If tics are severe enough to cause problems in school or work, behavioral techniques are recommended and medications may be considered.

Expectations (prognosis)

Simple childhood tics usually disappear over a period of months.

Complications

There are usually no complications. A chronic motor or vocal tic disorder can develop.

Calling your health care provider

Consult with your health care provider if you are concerned about a transient tic disorder, particularly if it becomes persistent or disruptive to the child's life. If you question whether the movements are a tic or a seizure, consult with your health care provider immediately.

Illustrations

Central nervous system

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