Plummer-Vinson syndrome/esophageal web

Definition

Plummer-Vinson syndrome consists of chronic iron deficiency anemia, difficulty swallowing, esophageal webs, and other less-common abnormalities. Esophageal webs are small, thin growths of tissue that partially block the esophagus (food pipe), causing difficulty swallowing. They tend to be located in the middle or upper esophagus.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. Genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. It is a rare disorder that is associated with cancer of the esophagus and pharynx (throat).

Symptoms

• Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
• Weakness

Signs and tests

Upper GI series or upper endoscopy may reveal the web. Tests to diagnose anemia and/or iron deficiency may be useful.

Some patients develop skin and nail abnormalities that can be identified by a doctor during an examination.

Treatment

Patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome should receive iron supplementation. This may improve the difficulty swallowing. If not, the web can be dilated during upper endoscopy to allow normal swallowing and passage of food.

Expectations (prognosis)

Patients generally respond to treatment.

Complications

There is risk of perforation of the esophagus with the use of dilators for treatment.

There have been reports of an association between Plummer-Vinson syndrome and esophageal cancer.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if food gets stuck after you swallow it or if you have severe fatigue and weakness.

Prevention

Good nutrition with adequate intake of iron may prevent this disorder.

Illustrations

Esophagus and stomach anatomy

Page Content:

Paterson-Kelly syndrome; Sideropenic dysphagia