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Parathyroid adenomaDefinition Parathyroid adenomas are benign (noncancerous) tumors of the parathyroid glands, which are located in the neck and help regulate calcium metabolism. Causes, incidence, and risk factors This tumor is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, which causes elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Parathyroid adenomas are generally caused by genetic mutations. Women over 60 are at highest risk. If your head or neck has been exposed to radiation, this can also increase risk. Symptoms Many people have no symptoms. The condition is often discovered in the course of treatment for another problem or is identified via tests done as part of a general physical. Symptoms that may occur include the following:
Signs and tests Signs may include:
Tests may show:
Treatment Surgery is the most common treatment. However, many patients with mild hyperparathyroidism are not treated but are monitored for escalation of symptoms. Some postmenopausal women may consider estrogen replacement, which can help relieve symptoms and prevent bone loss. Expectations (prognosis) Prognosis is generally good. Complications Complications are less common today. They include advanced renal disease such as nephrocalcinosis and osteitis fibrosa cystica (advanced bone disease). Osteoporosis and the increased risk for bone fractures associated with it is the most common concern. Calling your health care provider Call your health care provider if you have any signs or symptoms that may be linked to this disorder. Illustrations
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