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Nasal congestionDefinition Many people think that a nose gets congested (stuffy) from too much thick mucus. This is incorrect. A congested nose happens when the membranes lining the nose become swollen from inflamed blood vessels. Congestion can be caused by many of the same things that cause a runny nose including colds, allergies, sinus infections, and the flu. Overuse of some nasal sprays or drops can also lead to congestion. Considerations A stuffy nose is usually caused by a virus and typically goes away by itself within a week. Newborn infants must breathe through the nose. Nasal congestion in an infant in the first few months of life can interfere with nursing and cause life-threatening breathing problems. Nasal congestion in older children and adolescents is usually just an annoyance, but can cause other difficulties. Nasal congestion can interfere with the ears, hearing, and speech development. Significant congestion may interfere with sleep, cause snoring, and can be associated with episodes of not breathing during sleep (sleep apnea). In children, nasal congestion from enlarged adenoids has caused chronic sleep apnea with insufficient oxygen levels and right-sided heart failure. The problem usually goes away after surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils. Common Causes
Home Care To relieve a runny or stuffy nose, the following over-the-counter medicines may help:
These medicines can make breathing more comfortable, but do not treat the underlying condition. Many over-the-counter allergy and cold medicines contain multiple ingredients, so look carefully to see what is in the one you choose. Medicines are not the only way to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. Often, gentler solutions are better. Try these steps to thin the mucus, which can help you breathe easier and get your nasal secretions back to normal:
For a baby too young to blow his or her nose, an infant nasal aspirator (bulb) can help remove the mucus. If the mucus is thick and sticky, loosen it by putting 2 or 3 saline nose drops into each nostril. Don't insert cotton swabs into a child's nostrils. Instead, catch the discharge outside the nostril on a tissue or swab, roll it around, and pull the discharge out of the nose. Congestion is often worse when you are lying down. Keep upright, or at least keep the head elevated. This is especially helpful for young children. Pharmacies and supermarkets sell adhesive strips that can be placed on the nose when you are congested. These help widen the nostrils, making breathing easier. Call your health care provider if
What to expect at your health care provider's office Your doctor may perform a physical examination, focusing on the upper respiratory system, ears, nose, and throat. Your doctor will ask medical history questions, such as:
The following diagnostic tests may be performed:
Over-the-counter medications may be recommended. Stronger, prescription medications may be advised. For severe hay fever cases, desensitization injections (allergy shots) for known allergens may be administered. Other treatment, including surgery, may be advised depending on the cause. Illustrations
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