Gum biopsy

Definition

A gum biopsy is a surgery in which a small piece of gingival (gum) tissue is removed for examination.

How the test is performed

A painkiller is sprayed into the mouth in the area of the abnormal gum tissue. In some cases, a numbing shot may be used. A small piece of the gum tissue that appears abnormal is removed and checked for problems in the laboratory.

How to prepare for the test

There is no special preparation, although you may be told not to eat for a few hours before the biopsy.

How the test will feel

The topical anesthetic should numb the area during the procedure, although some tugging or pressure may be felt. If there is bleeding, electrocauterization   (sealing of blood vessels with electric current or laser) may be needed. After the numbness wears off, the area may be sore for a few days.

Why the test is performed

This test is performed when examination of the mouth reveals abnormal-appearing gum tissue.

Normal Values

This test is only performed when there is an abnormality.

What abnormal results mean

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
• Amyloid
• Oral cancer (for example, squamous cell carcinoma)
• Noncancerous mouth sores (the specific cause can be determined in many cases)

What the risks are

• Bleeding from the biopsy site
• Infection of the gums
• Soreness

Special considerations

Avoid brushing the biopsy area for 1 week.

Illustrations

Tooth anatomy

Gum biopsy

Page Content:

Biopsy - gingiva (gums)