Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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A
change that produces one or more new substances is called a physical change.
_________________________
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2.
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The
freezing point of water is 100ºC. _________________________
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3.
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A
pure substance is made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties.
_________________________
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4.
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An
object’s mass is a measure of the force of gravity acting on the object.
_________________________
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5.
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The
density of a material is expressed as volume divided by mass.
_________________________
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6.
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The
smallest particle of an element is called an atom. _________________________
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7.
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A
molecule can contain just a few atoms or as many as a billion atoms.
_________________________
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8.
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A
liquid does not have a definite shape, but it does have a definite volume.
_________________________
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9.
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Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid.
_________________________
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10.
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A
cake baking is an example of a chemical change. _________________________
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11.
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Energy that comes from the chemical bonds within matter is called thermal
energy. _________________________
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12.
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In
every chemical reaction, the total amount of energy stays the same.
_________________________
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13.
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The
elements in a group from the periodic table have similar characteristics.
_________________________
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14.
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Describing a metal as malleable means that it can be pounded into a new shape.
_________________________
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15.
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The
most chemically reactive metals are in Group 1 of the periodic table.
_________________________
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16.
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In
general, the physical properties of nonmetals are similar to the properties of metals.
_________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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17.
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One
example of changing a substance chemically is a. | filtering. | b. | burning
wood. | c. | boiling water. | d. | crushing a
can. | | |
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18.
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A
characteristic property that can help tell similar liquids apart is a. | hardness. | b. | melting point. | c. | boiling
point. | d. | smell. | | |
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19.
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Sugar
and salt are examples of a. | atoms. | b. | elements. | c. | mixtures. | d. | pure
substances. | | |
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20.
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Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances
are a. | elements. | b. | compounds. | c. | mixtures. | d. | solutions. | | |
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21.
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The
measurement of the force of gravity on an object is the object’s a. | mass. | b. | volume. | c. | weight. | d. | density. | | |
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22.
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The
measurement of how much matter an object contains is its a. | volume. | b. | weight. | c. | mass. | d. | melting point. | | |
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23.
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The
measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume is called a. | weight. | b. | melting point. | c. | boiling
point. | d. | density. | | |
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24.
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The
density of a block of wood with a volume of 50 cubic centimeters and a mass of 100 grams
is a. | 2
g/cm3 | b. | 0.5 g/cm3 | c. | 500
g/cm3 | d. | 5,000 g/cm3 | | |
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25.
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All
elements are composed of extremely small particles called a. | compounds. | b. | mixtures. | c. | atoms. | d. | molecules. | | |
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26.
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A
group of atoms that are joined together and act as a single unit is called a(n) a. | element. | b. | compound. | c. | molecule. | d. | solution. | | |
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27.
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What
holds atoms together in a molecule? a. | density | b. | gravity | c. | physical bonds | d. | chemical
bonds | | |
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28.
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How
would you calculate the density of an object? a. | Divide its weight by its volume. | b. | Divide its mass
by its volume. | c. | Multiply its volume times its mass. | d. | Multiply its
weight times its mass. | | |
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29.
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The
SI unit for mass is the a. | ounce. | b. | pound. | c. | kilogram. | d. | liter. | | |
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30.
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Pure
substances formed from chemical combinations of two or more different elements are
called a. | elements. | b. | compounds. | c. | mixtures. | d. | solutions. | | |
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31.
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Which
type of matter consists of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined? a. | elements | b. | compounds | c. | mixtures | d. | pure substances | | |
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32.
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How
do liquid water, ice, and water vapor differ from each other? a. | They are
different states of matter. | b. | They are different compounds. | c. | They are made of
different kinds of molecules. | d. | They are made of different kinds of
atoms. | | |
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33.
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A
solid is a state of matter that has a(n) a. | indefinite volume and an indefinite
shape. | b. | definite volume and a definite shape. | c. | definite volume
and an indefinite shape. | d. | indefinite volume and a definite
shape. | | |
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34.
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The
resistance of a liquid to flowing is its a. | pressure. | b. | temperature. | c. | viscosity. | d. | volume. | | |
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35.
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Particles of a liquid a. | are tightly packed together and stay in a fixed
position. | b. | have no viscosity. | c. | decrease in
volume with increasing temperature. | d. | are free to move throughout a container but remain in close
contact with one another. | | |
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36.
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In
which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to
them? a. | crystal | b. | liquid | c. | gas | d. | solid | | |
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37.
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A
change that alters the form of a substance without changing it into another substance is called
a(n) a. | physical
change. | b. | chemical change. | c. | thermal
change. | d. | energy change. | | |
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38.
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A
chemical change results in a. | changes in state. | b. | different
substances with different properties. | c. | no new substances. | d. | changes in
pressure. | | |
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39.
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The
energy a substance has from the movement of its particles is called a. | light
energy. | b. | chemical energy. | c. | thermal
energy. | d. | potential energy. | | |
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40.
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In
chemical reactions, the law of conservation of energy means that a. | energy is always
lost. | b. | energy is always gained. | c. | the total amount
of energy stays the same. | d. | the total amount of energy before the reaction is less than the
total amount of energy at the end of the reaction. | | |
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41.
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What
is vaporization? a. | a gas becoming a
liquid | b. | a liquid becoming a solid | c. | a gas becoming a
solid | d. | a liquid becoming a gas | | |
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42.
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What
always happens as a result of a chemical reaction? a. | New substances
are produced. | b. | Two or more substances are combined. | c. | The same
substance appears in a different form. | d. | One substance breaks into two or more different
substances. | | |
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43.
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During chemical reactions, energy is a. | either absorbed
or released. | b. | gained or lost. | c. | condensed. | d. | not involved. | | |
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44.
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The
amount of space that a gas takes up is its a. | volume. | b. | mass. | c. | pressure. | d. | density. | | |
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45.
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In
which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions? a. | gas | b. | solid | c. | liquid | d. | compound | | |
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46.
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Which
state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily? a. | solid | b. | liquid | c. | gas | d. | frozen | | |
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47.
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The
state of matter in which particles are arranged in either a crystalline or an amorphous form
is a. | liquid. | b. | gas. | c. | solid. | d. | fluid. | | |
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48.
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From
an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict a. | its
properties. | b. | its chemical name. | c. | its chemical
symbol. | d. | when it was discovered. | | |
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49.
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The
factor that determines how an atom interacts with other atoms is its a. | number of
protons. | b. | number of neutrons. | c. | atomic
mass. | d. | number of valence electrons. | | |
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50.
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Most
metals are NOT a. | ductile. | b. | good conductors of heat and
electricity. | c. | liquid at room temperature. | d. | malleable. | | |
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51.
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Which
of the following statements about metals is true? a. | Metals need to be stored in sealed containers for
safety. | b. | Metals show a wide range of chemical
properties. | c. | Metals are highly reactive
substances. | d. | Metals do not react with oxygen. | | |
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52.
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In
the periodic table, the most reactive metals are found a. | in Group 1, the
first column on the left. | b. | in Period 1, the first row across the
top. | c. | in Groups 13
through 16 in the center. | d. | in Periods 6 and 7 at the bottom. | | |
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53.
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Which
elements have two valence electrons in their atoms? a. | transition
metals | b. | metal alloys | c. | alkaline earth
metals | d. | alkali metals | | |
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54.
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Which
group contains the most elements? a. | metalloids | b. | nonmetals | c. | metals | d. | transition
elements | | |
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55.
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In
which part of an atom are the valence electrons located? a. | inside the
nucleus | b. | closest to the nucleus | c. | farthest from
the nucleus | d. | throughout the entire atom | | |
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56.
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What
information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom? a. | the position of
the element in its column | b. | the element’s chemical symbol | c. | the
element’s atomic number | d. | the element’s atomic mass | | |
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57.
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Which
part(s) of the atom move around the nucleus? a. | atomic mass units | b. | electrons | c. | protons | d. | neutrons | | |
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58.
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The
atomic number of an element is based on the a. | mass of its nucleus. | b. | number of
electrons around its core. | c. | number of protons in its nucleus. | d. | number of
neutrons in its nucleus. | | |
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59.
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Which
of the following statements about transition metals is true? a. | They are never
found uncombined in nature. | b. | They are so similar that it’s often difficult to find
differences between them. | c. | They are so soft that they can be cut with an ordinary
knife. | d. | They are the most reactive of all the types of
metals. | | |
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60.
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The
elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are a. | the carbon
family. | b. | metals. | c. | halogens. | d. | noble gases. | | |
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61.
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Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called a. | noble
gases. | b. | metalloids. | c. | halogens. | d. | alkali metals. | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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62.
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The
burning of wood is an example of a(n) ____________________ change.
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63.
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The
characteristic temperature at which a pure solid changes to a liquid is its ____________________
point.
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64.
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A
____________________ is formed when two or more substances mix together so well that they appear to
be a single substance.
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65.
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Mass
is the measure of the total amount of ____________________ in any object.
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66.
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The
units liter, milliliter, and cubic centimeters are all used to measure the ____________________ of an
object or substance.
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67.
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A
____________________ is a group of atoms that are bonded together and act as a single
unit.
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68.
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Dissolving a spoonful of sugar in tea or coffee is an example of a
____________________ change.
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69.
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Boiling point and melting point are two characteristic ____________________, which
remain the same for any sample of a substance.
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70.
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A
____________________ is a substance formed from two or more elements that are chemically
combined.
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71.
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Two
objects that have the same ____________________ will have the same weight when they experience the
gravitational force of the same planet.
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72.
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The
unit used to measure density is a unit of mass divided by a unit of
____________________.
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73.
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A
____________________ is the force that holds the atoms in a molecule together.
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74.
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The
smallest possible molecule is made of two ____________________ held together by a chemical
bond.
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75.
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The
common state of matter that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume is a(n)
____________________.
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76.
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The
resistance of a liquid to flowing is called ____________________.
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77.
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A(n)
____________________ change alters the form of a substance, but does not change the material into
another substance.
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78.
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When
a substance cools, it loses ____________________ energy to its surroundings.
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79.
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When
a burning match gives off light, energy is being changed from one ____________________ into
another.
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80.
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Solids that have particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern are known as
____________________ solids.
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81.
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In a
____________________, the particles are packed closely together, but they can move past each other
freely.
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82.
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A
substance undergoes a ____________________ change when it is changed into one or more new substances
with different properties.
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83.
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The
temperature of a substance increases when the ____________________ energy of the substance
increases.
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84.
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In a
chemical reaction that requires heating, some ____________________ is being changed from one form to
another.
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85.
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The
property of an element that indicates the number of protons in its atoms is the
____________________.
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86.
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The
electrons in an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds are called
_________________________.
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87.
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Elements that transmit electricity and heat easily are called good
____________________.
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88.
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Nonmetals are ____________________ conductors of heat and
electricity.
a. poor
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89.
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An
element’s ____________________ can be predicted from its location in the periodic
table.
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90.
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Each
element is given a specific _________________________ that usually consists of one or two
letters.
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91.
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Elements in Group 1 have ____________________ valence electron(s).
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92.
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Most
metals are in the ____________________ state at room temperature.
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93.
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Brass
is a(n) ____________________ formed by mixing copper and zinc.
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94.
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A
substance that will conduct electricity only under certain conditions is called a
____________________.
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Essay
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95.
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Explain the difference between a mixture and a compound.
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96.
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Explain the difference between atoms and molecules.
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97.
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The
density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What does it mean to say that density is a characteristic
property of gold?
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98.
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Compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their shapes and volumes.
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99.
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Explain how the motion of particles differs in gases, liquids, and
solids.
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100.
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Compare the properties of metals and nonmetals.
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