Appendix B:
Primary Documents for World History §

1. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War. Translation text by Richard Crawley.
2. Plato, The Republic. Translation text by Benjamin Jowett.
3. Aristotle, Politics.Translation text by Benjamin Jowett.
4. John Milton, Areopagitica (1644).
5. John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690).
6. Charles De Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws (1748).
7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality (1755).
8. Edmund Burke, “On Election to Parliament,” speech (1766).
9. National Assembly of France, “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” (1789).
10. Thomas Paine, Rights of Man (1791).
11. Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792).
12. Benjamin Constant, “The Liberty of the Ancients Compared With that of the Moderns,” speech (1819).
13. Thomas Macauley, “Jewish Disabilities,” speech (1833).
14. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859).
15. W.H. Auden, “September 1, 1939,” poem.
16. George Orwell, “England, Our England,” essay (1941)
17. Winston Churchill, “The Iron Curtain,” speech (1946).
18. United Nations, “International Declaration of Human Rights” (1948).
19. Isaiah Berlin, “Two Concepts of Liberty,” lecture (1958). Hard to read, may need to enlarge (zoom in) text.
20. Nelson Mandela, “Statement at the Rivonia Trial,” (1964).
21. Andrei Sakharov, “Peace, Progress, and Human Rights,”speech (1975).
22. Vaclav Havel, “The Power of the Powerless,” essay (1978) - Amazon.com
23. Wei Jingsheng, “The Fifth Modernization,” essay (1978).
24. “An Open Letter to Citizen Mobutu Sese Seko,” (1980). With preface.
25. Lech Walesa, Nobel Peace Prize Lecture (1983).
26. Mario Vargas Llosa, “Latin America: The Democratic Option,” essay (1987).
27. Fang Lizhe, “Human Rights in China,” speech (1989).
28. Salman Rusdie, “In Good Faith,” essay (1989). - Amazon.com
29. Mario Varga Llosa, “Latin America: The Democratic Option,” speech (1990)
30. United Nations, Arab Human Development Report for the Arab Fund for Economic and Social
Development (2002), on the web at: www.undp.org/rbas/ahdr/

§ Most of the world history documents can be found in Diane Ravitch and Abigail Thernstrom ed., The
Democracy Reader: Classic and Modern Speeches, Essays, Poems, Declarations and Documents on Freedom and Human Rights Worldwide (New York: HarperCollins, 1992).