Lesson 5: prepositions: grammar and vocabulary; article; Verbs: past tenses

LE ARTICLE

There are 3 forms of the Pacarian article. They can be divided in 2 groups.

Now the thing is: when to use an article and when not.

NOT:

• If you talk about something in general (There is no indefinite pronoun in plural)

TOO:

• If it is definite: If you talk about a certain object: The dog is there => Le chyenne estes la.
• If defining an uncountable noun, use the definite article in singular: I don't like milk => Ye ame pas le late.
• You use the indefinite singular article to speak about a countable noun (singular) in general: Une elefante estes une animale grande.

PREPOSICIONES

Prepositions always stand before the subject. Personal pronouns have a special form for prepositions, see lesson 2.

That's about everything there is to say about them. Some vocabulary to start with:

VERBES: IMPERFECTE, PLUS-QUE-PERFECTE

As there are present tenses in Pacarian (presente and perfecte), there are also the past tenses (imperfecte and plus-que-perfecte). The imperfecte is about the same as the English "simple past", and the plus-que-perfecte is the "past perfect". The difference from the present tenses, is that these tenses get a "mark". This also for the other tenses you'll learn. The mark is between the stem and the endings, and always exists of 2 letters. For these tenses, the mark is "-VA-".

This table will make it clear. You can also review the present tenses:

The plus-que-perfecte is again formed with the auxiliary "aver", the shared passive with "ester". These two auxiliaries are now conjugated in the imperfecte.

ALL TENSES YOU KNOW:

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