Lesson 2: Verbs: present tense; personal pronouns; common verbs


Pronomes personales

A personal pronoun has different forms. There is a subject form (if the pronoun is the subject of the sentence), object form (if it is object), indirect object form (if it is indirect object), possessive form and form used after a preposition. a table:

FORM

Subject form

Object form

Possessive

Indirect Object form

Form after preposition

1st singular

ye

me

mi(s)

me

mi

2nd singular

te

te

ti(s)

te

ti

3rd singular male

il

le

se(s)

le

il

3rd singular female

el

le

se(s)

le

el

3rd singular neuter

ce / sa

ce / sa

se(s)

ce / sa

ce / sa

3rd singular reflexive

il/el

se

se(s)

se

se

1st plural

nos

nos

nostre(s)

nos

nos

2nd plural

vos

vos

vostre(s)

vos

vos

3rd plural male

illes

les

lore(s)

les

illes

3rd plural female

elles

les

lore(s)

les

elles

3rd singular neuter

ces / sas

ces / sas

se(s)

ces / sas

ces / sas

3rd plural reflexive

illes/elles

ses

se(s)

ses

ses

 

Some examples: SUBJECT FORM: Ye save, Nos savemos; OBJECT FORM: Ye le save, Te nos connates; POSSESSIVE: Mis livres; INDIRECT OBJECT FORM: Ye le dye; PREPOSITION FORM: Donne le a mi.

Instead of replacing one part of the sentence by a pronoun (ind. obj. or object), you can replace both. In that case, the indirect object precedes the direct object. Ye te le donne.

A pronoun can sometimes be responsible for changes to the sentences structure: An object or indirect object form normally stands behind the verb. It may be placed before if a personal pronoun. So instead of "Ye donne le livre a quelque une" (I give the book to someone) => "Ye le le donne" (I give it to him). The subject is always before this "pronoun group".  

VERBES: Le Presente

The Pacarian verb is conjugated like in most Romance languages. It is always preceded by a personal pronoun in the object form (see above). The endings are taken from different Romance languages. Here is a table. For examples, the verb prender (to take)  is always used. To deduct the stem from an infinitive, remove the end -r. in this case, the stem is "prende-". Conjugated verbs in the present active tense in Pacarian exist of the stem and the ending. The stem is in this case always "prende-".

Table of conjugation: PRESENT TENSE ACTIVE (PRESENTE ACTIVO) for the verb PRENDER

Person Ending personal pronoun this gives:
1st person singular none ye = I ye prende
2nd person singular -s (from French) te = you te prende-s
3rd person singular -s (typically Pacarian) il = he/el = her/ce = it il prende-s
1st person plural -mos (from Spanish) nos nos prende-mos
2nd person plural -tes (from latin -tis) vos vos prende-tes
3rd person plural -n (from Spanish) illes(m.)/elles(v.)/ces(n.) = they illes prende-n

Some verbs are followed by a preposition. Sentences with those verbs have an object preceded by that preposition. Some verbs are reflexive. The infinitive is then preceded by "se", for example "se attender a". When the verb is conjugated, the "se" adapts to the person the verb is in, and becomes an object form in that specific person.

VERBES: VOCABULARIO

To practice the conjugation, you'll need some verbs. All verbs are regular in Pacarian! Here are some common verbs, the ones you'll need the most. You can always look up more in the dictionary! They are in no particular order. Well, maybe the first ones are important. Some verbs taken over from English are not conjugated. You can recognize them because they will not end in -er unless the English equivalent does. They are pronounced like in English.

Pacarian English Pacarian English
ester to be voyer to see
aver to have (got) lyer to read
prender to take amer to like, to love
dever to have to esperer to hope
aller to go, to leave trover to find
fayer to make chercher to search
voler to want (to) cliquer to click
pover can, to may sentyer to feel
construyer to make, to construct, to build envoyer to send
traduyer4 to translate collecter to collect
apprender to learn, study descriver to describe
ensigner to teach dyer to say, to tell
chanter to sing raconter to tell
parler to speak, to talk commencer to start
attender to wait ignorer to neglect
acheter to buy se passer to happen
payer to pay (se) attender (a) to expect
conyuger to conjugate aver besone de to need
reduyer to reduce former to form
venyer to come changer to change
arriver to arrive appeller to call
tenyer to hold, to keep quitter to leave
ader to help permetter, octoriser to allow
escriver to write entrer to enter
requeryer to require email to email
arranger to arrange tirer to pull
voter to vote lancer to launch
elyer to elect tocher to touch
ovryer to open (se) yonder to join
donner to give lasser to let
mercyer to thank decider to decide
remplyer to fill up (a form) typer to type
download to download discuter to discuss
recever to receive demander to ask, to demand
responder to reply, to answer oblyer to forget
travayer to work simplifyer to simplify
essayer to try entender to hear
interesser to interest recogniser to recognize
contacter to contact signifyer to mean (a word)
definyer to define penser to think
signer to sign poster to post
saver to know amuser to amuse, to entertain

QUELQUES POR COMMENCER!

>> BACK TO COURSE INDEX