Lesson 2: Verbs: present tense; personal pronouns; common verbs
Pronomes personales
A personal pronoun has different forms. There is a subject form (if the pronoun is the subject of the sentence), object form (if it is object), indirect object form (if it is indirect object), possessive form and form used after a preposition. a table:
FORM |
Subject
form |
Object
form |
Possessive |
Indirect
Object form |
Form
after preposition |
1st
singular |
ye |
me |
mi(s) |
me |
mi |
2nd
singular |
te |
te |
ti(s) |
te |
ti |
3rd
singular male |
il |
le |
se(s) |
le |
il |
3rd
singular female |
el |
le |
se(s) |
le |
el |
3rd
singular neuter |
ce
/ sa |
ce
/ sa |
se(s) |
ce / sa |
ce
/ sa |
3rd
singular reflexive |
il/el |
se |
se(s) |
se |
se |
1st
plural |
nos |
nos |
nostre(s) |
nos |
nos |
2nd
plural |
vos |
vos |
vostre(s) |
vos |
|
3rd
plural male |
illes |
les |
lore(s) |
les |
illes |
3rd
plural female |
elles |
les |
lore(s) |
les |
elles |
3rd
singular neuter |
ces
/ sas |
ces
/ sas |
se(s) |
ces
/ sas |
ces
/ sas |
3rd
plural reflexive |
illes/elles |
ses |
se(s) |
ses |
ses |
Some examples: SUBJECT FORM: Ye save, Nos savemos; OBJECT FORM: Ye le save, Te nos connates; POSSESSIVE: Mis livres; INDIRECT OBJECT FORM: Ye le dye; PREPOSITION FORM: Donne le a mi.
Instead of replacing one part of the sentence by a pronoun (ind. obj. or object), you can replace both. In that case, the indirect object precedes the direct object. Ye te le donne.
A pronoun can sometimes be responsible for changes to the sentences structure: An object or indirect object form normally stands behind the verb. It may be placed before if a personal pronoun. So instead of "Ye donne le livre a quelque une" (I give the book to someone) => "Ye le le donne" (I give it to him). The subject is always before this "pronoun group".
VERBES: Le Presente
The Pacarian verb is conjugated like in most Romance languages. It is always preceded by a personal pronoun in the object form (see above). The endings are taken from different Romance languages. Here is a table. For examples, the verb prender (to take) is always used. To deduct the stem from an infinitive, remove the end -r. in this case, the stem is "prende-". Conjugated verbs in the present active tense in Pacarian exist of the stem and the ending. The stem is in this case always "prende-".
Table of conjugation: PRESENT TENSE ACTIVE (PRESENTE ACTIVO) for the verb PRENDER |
|||
Person | Ending | personal pronoun | this gives: |
1st person singular | none | ye = I | ye prende |
2nd person singular | -s (from French) | te = you | te prende-s |
3rd person singular | -s (typically Pacarian) | il = he/el = her/ce = it | il prende-s |
1st person plural | -mos (from Spanish) | nos | nos prende-mos |
2nd person plural | -tes (from latin -tis) | vos | vos prende-tes |
3rd person plural | -n (from Spanish) | illes(m.)/elles(v.)/ces(n.) = they | illes prende-n |
Some verbs are followed by a preposition. Sentences with those verbs have an object preceded by that preposition. Some verbs are reflexive. The infinitive is then preceded by "se", for example "se attender a". When the verb is conjugated, the "se" adapts to the person the verb is in, and becomes an object form in that specific person.
VERBES: VOCABULARIO
To practice the conjugation, you'll need some verbs. All verbs are regular in Pacarian! Here are some common verbs, the ones you'll need the most. You can always look up more in the dictionary! They are in no particular order. Well, maybe the first ones are important. Some verbs taken over from English are not conjugated. You can recognize them because they will not end in -er unless the English equivalent does. They are pronounced like in English.
Pacarian | English | Pacarian | English |
ester | to be | voyer | to see |
aver | to have (got) | lyer | to read |
prender | to take | amer | to like, to love |
dever | to have to | esperer | to hope |
aller | to go, to leave | trover | to find |
fayer | to make | chercher | to search |
voler | to want (to) | cliquer | to click |
pover | can, to may | sentyer | to feel |
construyer | to make, to construct, to build | envoyer | to send |
traduyer4 | to translate | collecter | to collect |
apprender | to learn, study | descriver | to describe |
ensigner | to teach | dyer | to say, to tell |
chanter | to sing | raconter | to tell |
parler | to speak, to talk | commencer | to start |
attender | to wait | ignorer | to neglect |
acheter | to buy | se passer | to happen |
payer | to pay | (se) attender (a) | to expect |
conyuger | to conjugate | aver besone de | to need |
reduyer | to reduce | former | to form |
venyer | to come | changer | to change |
arriver | to arrive | appeller | to call |
tenyer | to hold, to keep | quitter | to leave |
ader | to help | permetter, octoriser | to allow |
escriver | to write | entrer | to enter |
requeryer | to require | to email | |
arranger | to arrange | tirer | to pull |
voter | to vote | lancer | to launch |
elyer | to elect | tocher | to touch |
ovryer | to open | (se) yonder | to join |
donner | to give | lasser | to let |
mercyer | to thank | decider | to decide |
remplyer | to fill up (a form) | typer | to type |
download | to download | discuter | to discuss |
recever | to receive | demander | to ask, to demand |
responder | to reply, to answer | oblyer | to forget |
travayer | to work | simplifyer | to simplify |
essayer | to try | entender | to hear |
interesser | to interest | recogniser | to recognize |
contacter | to contact | signifyer | to mean (a word) |
definyer | to define | penser | to think |
signer | to sign | poster | to post |
saver | to know | amuser | to amuse, to entertain |
QUELQUES POR COMMENCER!