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Using Memory
Effectively

- Acronyms and Acrostics: (for information involving key words)
An
acronym is an invented combination of letters. Each letter is a cue to an
idea you need to remember. Example: BRASS is an acronym for how to shoot a
rifle--Breath, Relax, Aim, Sight, Squeeze. An acrostic is
an invented sentence where the first letter of each word is a cue to an idea
you need to remember. Example: EVERY GOOD BOY DESERVES FUN is an acrostic to
remember the order of G-clef notes on sheet music--E, G, B, D, F.
- Memory Techniques and
Mnemonics
- Rhyme-Keys: (for ordered or unordered lists)
First, memorize key
words that can be associated with numbers. For instance, bun with one; shoe
with two, tree with three, door with four, hive with five, etc. Next create an image of the items you need to remember
with key words. For example, if you had to remember the four basic food
groups-- diary products; meat, fish, and poultry; grains; and fruit and
vegetables--imagine cheese on a bun, livestock with shoes on, a sack of grain
suspended in a tree, and opening a door to a room stocked with fruits and
vegetables.
- The Method of Loci: (for approximately twenty items)
Select any
location that you have spent a lot of time in and have easily memorized.
Imagine yourself walking through the location, selecting clearly defined
places--the door, sofa, refrigerator, shelf, etc. Imagine yourself putting
objects that you need to remember into each of these places by walking through
this location in a direct path. Again, you need a standard direct path and
clearly defined locations for objects to facilitate the retrieval of these
objects. For example if you had to remember George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, and Richard Nixon, you could imagine walking up to the door of your
location and seeing a dollar bill stuck in the door; when you open the door
Jefferson is reclining on the sofa and Nixon is eating out of the
refrigerator.
- The Keyword Method: (for foreign language vocabulary)
First,
after considering the foreign word you need to remember, select a key word in
English that sounds like the foreign word. Next, imagine an image which
involves the key word with the English meaning of the foreign word. For
example,
consider the Spanish word "cabina" which means "phone booth." For the English
keyword, you might think of "cab in a ... ." You could then invent an image of
a cab trying to fit in a phone booth. When you see the word "cabina" on the
test, you should be able to recall the image of the cab and you should be able
to retrieve the definition "phone booth."
- The Image-Name Technique: (for remembering names)
Simply invent any relationship between the name and the
physical characteristics of the person. For example, if you had to remember
Shirley Temple's name, you might ingrain the name in memory by noticing that
she has "curly" (rhymes with Shirley) hair around her temples.
- Chaining: (for ordered or unordered lists)
Create a story
where each word or idea you have to remember cues the next idea you need to
recall. If you had to remember the words Napoleon, ear, door, and Germany, you
could invent a story of Napoleon with his ear to a door listening to people
speak in German.
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