Following the Cambrian, the number of marine families was reduced to less than 200. This was followed by an introduction of a large number of new marine animal species; this has been termed “the Ordovician Period explosion.” During this period, numerous families of the Paleozoic fauna, including crinoids, articulate brachiopods, cephalopods and corals, were introduced into the environment. By the end of the Ordovician, the Cambrian fauna had mostly been replaced with the Paleozoic fauna and the number of marine families was just over 400. They were kept it at this level until the end of the Permian period.
The next step was to “Terraform” the dry land.
It was essential to create a layer of fertile soil before rooted terrestrial plants could be developed and introduced. The first plants were probably engineered from green algae and introduced into the environment over 400 million years ago. This seems likely because both plants and green algae use chlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments; in addition, these are the only groups to store starch in their chloroplasts. The first plants put onto dry land were moss-like, which lacked true vascular tissue to transport fluids, nutrients, and required moist environments because nutrients and wastes diffused through their surface. The angels also developed lichen, which consisted of algae and fungi living in close association and these could survive in drier environments. Lichen was able to grow on rock surfaces, slowly converting rock into soil. Slime-mold and fungi had been developed and placed onto dry land thousands of years earlier as the first part of their soil-making program.
Once there was sufficient soil on land, vascular plants were made through modifications of moss-like prototypes. These plants were provided with developments such as a waxy cuticle, which allowed some plants to be placed into more dry environments and actually could grow in the soil on land.
Plants and fungi (in symbiosis) were placed onto land about 400 million years ago after the bacteria; fungi, lichen, and mosses had grown for a long enough time to produce fertile soil from rocks, sand, and water. The first vascular land plant may have been Cooksonia, a spiky, branching, leafless structure. After land plants had been introduced and allowed to grow for a long enough time to create more soil and to provide sufficient nutrients, marine arthropods were modified and placed on the land.
The Carboniferous and Permian eras were the times when coal reserves originated. After these reserves were successfully put in place, a second extinction event was used to change the ecosystems once again. During the Carboniferous and Permian eras the floral landscape was dominated by ferns and their relatives. After the Permian extinction, gymnosperms (for example pine trees) became more abundant. Gymnosperms required the introduction of seeds, which helped in ability of the angels and natural forces to disperse the species. Gymnosperms also were given pollen, encased sperm, which allowed for more out-crossing.
By now the angels had become quite adept at implementing genetic changes. They used viruses to introduce novel genetic information. They developed restriction enzymes with which they could selectively cut DNA for insertion of new genetic information or removal of undesired information. They learned to direct recombination of chromosome in germ cells using psychokinetic abilities. They also learned to utilize selective breeding and horticultural techniques so as to guide species development.
Angiosperm plants were developed from gymnosperms. Two key alterations were required to produce this new type of plant -- fruits and flowers. Fruits (modified plant ovaries) allow, in addition to providing food for animals and humans, for wide dispersement of the fruit bearing plants. Flowers were developed to make use of animal, especially insect, based pollen dispersal. Petals were developed from modified leaves. Angiosperms currently dominate the flora of the world, over three fourths of all living plants are angiosperms.