Chapter 12

Program Development & Programming Languages

The Program Development Life Cycle?

• Phases of the SDLC
• Analyze problem(s)
• Design programs
• Code programs
• Test programs
• Formalize solution
• Maintain program(s)

Analyzing the Problem(s)

• Review specifications package
• Meet with systems analyst and users
• Identify each program’s input, output, and processing components
• IPO chart (definining diagram

Designing Program(s)

• Group each program’s activities into modules
• Top-down Design
• Module
• Hierarchy chart
• Devise a solution algorithm (program logic)
• Structured Design
• Control Structure
• Sequence Control Structure
• Selection Control Structure
• Repetition Control Structure
• Proper Program Design
• No dead code
• No infinite loops
• One entry point
• One exit point
• Design Tools
• Program flowchart
• Nass-Schneiderman chart
• Pseudocode
• Code Review
• Quality review
• Desk checking
• Structured Walkthrough

Coding

• Translating the solution algorithm into programming language
• Entering programming language code into the computer

Test the Solution Algorithm(s)

• Syntax Errors
• Logic Errors
• Debugging

Formalize the Solution

• Review program code
• Review documentation

Maintain Programs

• Correcting Errors
• Adding Enchancements

Programming Languages

• Low-Level Languages
• Machine Languages
• Machine Dependent
• Assembly Languages
• Symbolic Instruction Codes (mnemonics)
• Source Program
• Assembler
• Macros
• High-Level Languages
• 3^rd Generation Languages
• Machine Independent
• Procedural Languages
• Compiler
• Object Code
• Interpreter
• 4^th Generation Languages
• Non-procedural Languages
• Query Language
• Report writer or generator
• Natural Languages

Object-Oriented Program Development

• Objects
• Methods or operations
• Attributes or variables
• Encapsulation
• Class
• Inheritance
• Object instance
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Event
• Popular programming languages
• Basic
• Visual Basic
• Cobol
• C
• C++
• Fortran
• Pascal
• Ada
• RPG

Program Development Tools

• Application Generators
• Macros
• RAD Tools
• Visual Basic
• Delphi
• PowerBuilder

Web Page Program Development

• HTML
• Scripts, Applets, and Servlets
• Java, Javascript, and Perl
• Dynamic HTML
• XML
• Multimedia Authoring Software