Chapter 7

The Internet

The Internet

• ARPANET, Advanced Research Projects Agency (US Dept. of Def.), 1969
• NSFnet, National Science Foundation, 1986
• Internet2 (I2) – advance internet technologies-research, teaching, learning
• NGI, Next Generation Internet, same as I2 but funded by US Fed. Govt.
• Host/Host node – directly connected to network
• Backbone – High-speed network connecting regional & local networks to Internet
• Traffic – communication

How the Internet Works

• ISP - permanent connection and provides temp connections to others for fee
• Local ISP
• National ISP (backbone providers)
• Point of Presence (POP) – local phone # for net access
• Online Service (AOL, MSN, etc.)

Connecting to the Internet

• Dial-Up Access
• Server – manages resources on a network & provides storage
• Client – can access server resources
• Packets
• Packet Switching – breaking/reassembling packets into small pieces
• Routers
• Communications Protocol
• TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol)
• Internet Addresses
• IP (internet protocol) internet numeric address
• Domain name – text version of IP
• TLD (Top-level Domain) – id’s organization that operates site

o Domain Name System (DNS)/DNS Servers

The Worldwide Web

• Worldwide collection of electronic documents w/hyperlinks

• Weg Page

§ Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – protocol, domain name, sometimes path to specific page

• Web Site

§ Home Page

• http:// - hypertext transfer protocol
• Web browser
• Web server
• Webmaster
• Search Engines – sfwr program to deliver web pages, sites, Internet files
• Plug-In – browser helper multimedia program
• Helper Application – runs multimedia outside of browser window
• Java
• Applets
• ActiveX controls
• Graphics

§ JPEG .jpg

§ GIF .gif

§ PNG .png – Internet graphics standard

§ Thumbnails

• Animation

§ Marquee

§ Animated GIF

• Audio

§ WAV

§ AU

§ Streaming audio

· RealAudio

§ MP3 used to compress audio files

§ Internet telephone service, audioconferencing, Internet telephony

• Video

§ MPEG

§ Streaming audio

· RealVideo

• Virtual Reality (VR)

§ Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)

§ VR world – 3D site

Webcasting

• Push technology

Electronic Commerce

• e-commerce
• EDI
• B2C
• Electronic storefront
• Shopping cart
• C2C
• B2B
• Electronic money, e-money, digital cash

Web Publishing

• Personal web pages
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Tags - html codes
• Web hosting services provide web page storage
• Submission services registers page with search engines

Other Internet Services

• E-mail
• E-mail address, mailbox, mail servers
• Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
• Post Office Protocol (POP/POP3)
• Encoding schemes – attachments
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Internet standard for file exchange
• Telnet – program for connecting to remote computer
• Newsgroups/Message Boards
• Usenet – entire collection of Internet newsgroups
• News server
• Newsreader – program to access/participate in newsgroups
• Articles/postings
• Thread/threaded discussion
• Message/discussion boards – newsreader not required
• Mailing Lists
• LISTSERV
• Chat Rooms
• Voice/Video chats
• Chat client
• Instant Messaging
• Portals

Cookies and Security

• Cookies
• Track user preferences
• Track shopping
• Track site visits
• Target advertising
• Security
• Filtering Software

Network Computers

• Network computer/thin-client computer (no hard disk)
• NetPC (hard disk)

Web Appliances

• Set-top box
• Smart phone; smart pagers

Wireless Web Communications

• Wireless portal
• Web clipping – info targeted for web-enabled device