4-2. Escort guard companies are responsible for EPW operations in the TO, and they escort EPWs from CHAs to internment facilities. They are assigned to MP I/R battalions and brigades. However, if they arrive before MP I/R units, they are attached to MP CS brigades. To expedite prompt, full evacuation of EPWs, escort guards can be pre-positioned in CHAs so that they are continuously available.

4-3. The evacuation chain normally moves EPWs from a division forward CP to a division central CP, to a CHA, and then to an internment facility. When circumstances permit, such as taking advantage of available transportation, evacuation procedures may bypass one or more echelons below corps (EBC) facilities.

4-5. Use a controlled-flow format to escort EPWs through the processing line. Normally, four EPWs are processed at a time and the average is eight per hour. These numbers may increase or decrease based on the capture rate and the nature of the operation. Secure unprocessed EPWs in a holding area.

4-6. Request interpreters from MI, PSYOP, allied forces, or local authorities as necessary. This may require identifying and clearing trusted EPWs or local nationals to interpret. Interpreters are usually necessary when entering data into the Internment/Resettlement Information System (IRIS).

4-7. The preparation and dispatch of DA Forms 2674-R are governed by AR 190-8, and they are prepared at each internment facility. Brigade or internment facility commanders may require feeder reports from various compounds to facilitate the preparation of internee strength reports.

NOTE: See STANAG 2044 for more information on reports and accountability as they apply to NATO TOs.

4-8. Table 4-1 outlines the internment process for EPWs. It shows who is responsible for each step and what actions they must accomplish. Based on METT-TC, the commander may tailor stations to meet the situation. Stations 1 through 4 are in the receiving line, and Stations 5 through 9 are in the processing line.

4-10. Field-process each EPW if the capturing unit or the CP did not field-process him (Chapter 3 ). Ensure that he receives the serial number from his capture tag (DD Form 2745). (The number is used to track him until he receives an internment serial number [ISN]).

4-11. Record his capture tag serial number and last name on an ID band. Use a banding kit to attach the band to his left wrist. Match his capture tag serial number with the number on his personal property, or if necessary, mark his capture tag serial number on his personal property.

4-12. Store personal property in a temporary storage area until EPWs are fully processed, and control access to the storage area. Ensure that EPWs receive food and water and, if necessary, first aid and medical treatment. Take them to the processing area as soon as the receiving process is complete. If they cannot be processed immediately, hold them in the receiving area.

Keeps segregated EPWs apart as much as possible during processing.

Conducts administrative processing.

Expedites the processing of EPWs selected by MI teams for interrogation.

Assigns each EPW an ISN.

Replaces the control number on each EPW's wrist with his ISN.

DA Form 1131-R. Use this voucher to verify the balance of funds.

DA Form 1132-R. List the EPW's personal property on this form.

DA Form 2662-R. Issue this card if the EPW does not hold one from his country.

DA Form 2663-R. Prepare this card for each EPW upon processing into the facility.

DA Form 2664-R. Initiate this form upon inprocessing and update it monthly.

DA Form 4137. Record confiscated currency on this form.

DA Form 4237-R. Prepare this form for each EPW processed into the facility.

DD Form 2708. Use this form to account for evacuated EPWs, regardless of the evacuation channel.

DD Form 2745. File Part B of this tag in the personnel record.

The first part contains the letters "US," a number indicating the TO where the EPW came into US custody, and two letters representing the EPW's country of origin.

The second part is a series of six numbers that are assigned (in sequential order) to each EPW processed in the command. The numbers are followed by the letters "EPW," "CI," "RP," or "OD" to denote the EPW's category.

4-16. If the situation permits, the IRIC processes EPWs at division CPs and CHAs. Assign ISNs as early as possible. However, if an ISN is not assigned until Station 1 (see Table 4-1), use the capture tag number, the manifest number, or another control number until an ISN is assigned.

NOTE: See STANAG 2044 and AR 190-8 for additional information on ISNs.

Verify EPW rosters against the compound population.

Identify compound work details.

Match EPWs with their medical records.

Check identities of EPWs being transferred or repatriated against transfer rosters.

Permit rapid, reliable ID of EPWs.

Enhance facility administration and operation.

4-19. Record the EPW's ISN and last name on his ID band, and secure it to his left wrist. To enhance facility administration and operation, use various colored bands to further identify EPWs by category. For example, use—

Blue for officers.

Red for NCOs.

Yellow for enlisted soldiers.

Black for RPs.

Green for CIs.

White for ODs.

4-20. When serious deterioration is detected or the ISN and name is obscured, replace the ID band with a new one. Conduct periodic, random checks to detect wear and tear and efforts to destroy the band. In addition, look for efforts to exchange bands between EPWs (removing the ID band results in damage that is easily detected). When firm ID is needed, such as transfer or hospitalization, carefully examine the ID band for evidence of having been removed. Conduct periodic, routine inspections of randomly selected ID bands in dining-facility lines, during compound inspections, and at other opportune times.

4-22. The information flow begins when the EPW is captured and a DD Form 2745 is initiated. The ISN, which is assigned upon arrival at a CHA or an internment facility, is the key to tracking EPWs throughout the I/R system.

4-23. Information collected during processing (initial and full) and entered into the IRIS (CHA or internment facility) is sent to the IRIC. The IRIC collects the entire personnel file; it is normally electronic with a hard-copy backup. The internment facility reports the information to the IRIC, who disseminates it as appropriate. The strength report (DA Form 2674-R) is the only information passed up the internment facility's chain of command. Questions regarding the information or EPW flow in the TO are directed to the IRIC.

NOTE: Hasty processing can be initiated if normal processing cannot be done in a reasonable amount of time (normal processing is completed later).

Complete name (first, middle, and last).

Service number.

Rank.

Capturing unit.

Date of capture.

Place of capture (grid coordinates).

Circumstances of capture.

The date of birth.

The city of birth.

The country of birth.

The name and address of next of kin (NOK) (father/mother).

The location of confiscated property.

The nationality.

A general statement of health.

The nation in whose armed services the individual is serving.

The name and address of a person to be notified of the individual's capture.

The address to which correspondence may be sent.

Certificates of death or authenticated lists of the dead.

The location of war graves (grid coordinates) and particulars of the dead.

The notification of capture (including the date sent).

The list of personal articles of value not restored upon repatriation.

Education.

Religion.

Marital status.

Internment facility unit identification code (UIC).

Sex.

Languages spoken.

Internment facility location.

Enemy unit.

Arm of service.

Military occupational specialty (MOS).

Civilian occupational specialty (COS).

Corps area of capture.

Mother's maiden name.

Permanent home address.

Other particulars from the ID card.

Distinguishing marks.

Impounded personal property and money.

Photograph.

Prepared by, date prepared, place prepared, and signature.

Immunizations.

Internment employment compensation.

Serious offenses, punishments, and escapes (including dates).

Transfers.

Financial status at the time of first and second international transfers.

Repatriation.

Financial status at the time of repatriation.

Remarks.

Officer.

NCO.

Enlisted.

CI.

RP.

Male.

Female.

4-31. After an EPW is assigned to a facility, expect a continuing need for further reclassification and reassignment. Because the identity of the EPW was based on unsupported statements or documentation supplied by him, it may be necessary to reclassify him a second time as his identity becomes apparent. Agitators, enemy plants, or EPW leaders are eventually uncovered by their activities. They may be reclassified according to their new identity or ideology and reassigned to a more appropriate facility.

4-32. Anticipate the reclassification and reassignment of EPWs within the facility or to other facilities. The initial classification may be challenged by the EPW or MP assets. An individual may provide statements or documents that indicate he should be reclassified, or observations made by MP or MI may determine that an individual was incorrectly classified.

Commits a belligerent act to aid enemy armed forces.

Engages in a hostile activity to aid enemy armed forces.

Asserts that he or she is entitled to treatment as an EPW.

4-35. The facility commander—

Publishes a transfer order and informs EPWs of their new postal addresses in time for them to notify their NOK and the IRIC.

Verifies the accuracy and completeness of EPW personnel records and provides records (in a sealed envelope) to MP accompanying the movement.

Verifies that EPWs possess their authorized clothing and equipment.

Prepares impounded personal property for shipment with escorting MP or separate shipment as appropriate.

Briefs escort MP on their duties and responsibilities, including procedures to be followed in case of an escape, a death, or another emergency.

Provides or arranges for rations, transportation, and notifications according to prescribed procedures.

Ensures that EPWs are manifested by name, rank/status, ISN, power served, nationality, and physical condition. Attach the manifest to the original receipt and forward it to the IRIC.

Prepares paperwork in English and other languages (if required) before transferring EPWs.

4-38. The temporary transfer of EPWs is authorized to accommodate surges in EPW population beyond US capacity. The TO commander develops measures to ensure accountability and humane treatment of EPWs who are temporarily transferred.

4-39. An EPW who is captured or detained by the US Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, or Coast Guard is turned over to the US Army at receiving points designated by the TO commander. Interservice transfers are effected as soon as possible following initial classification and administrative processing.

Notifies the national IRIC of the final status of released and repatriated EPWs.

Forwards EPW records and reports according to AR 25-400-2.

Disposes of confiscated property according to the national IRIC and applicable regulations.

Observe rigorous self-discipline.

Maintain a professional, impersonal attitude.

Cope with hostile or unruly behavior and incidents calmly.

Take judicious, immediate, and decisive action.

Require compliance with policies and procedures.

Use techniques that provide firm control of EPWs.

Give reasonable, decisive orders in a language that EPWs understand.

Post copies of the Geneva Conventions in the compound where EPWs can read them in their own language.

Post rules, regulations, instructions, notices, orders, and other announcements that EPWs are expected to obey. Ensure that posted information is printed in a language that EPWs understand. Provide copies to EPWs who do not have access to posted copies.

Ensure that EPWs obey rules, orders, and directives.

Report refusals and failures to obey orders and regulations.

4-47. An EPW officer is afforded the following privileges and considerations:

Quarters and facilities that are commensurate with his grade.

The privilege of not being compelled to work.

Enlisted orderlies. They are assigned at a ratio of 1 for each general officer (GO) and 1 for every 12 officers of a lower grade.

Correspondence privileges for chaplains and senior medical officers that are over and above those afforded EPW officers.

Facilities necessary to provide EPWs with medical care, spiritual assistance, and welfare service.

Authority and transportation for periodic visits to hospitals and other internment facilities.

Work assignments that are restricted to medical or religious duties he is qualified to perform.

Quarters that are separate from those of other EPWs when practical.

4-50. Elected and appointed representatives have the same nationality, customs, and language as those they represent. Each group of EPWs interned in separate facilities due to language, customs, or ideology is permitted to have an elected representative.

4-51. The primary duties of elected representatives are to promote spiritual, physical, and intellectual well-being of EPWs. Representatives are given freedom of movement within security requirements. They do not have the authority to discipline EPWs, but they are allowed to—

Inspect labor detachments.

Receive supplies.

Communicate with—

US military authorities.

Protecting powers. (Protecting powers periodically inspect the internment facility and interview EPWs regarding the conditions of their internment, their welfare, and their rights under international law.)

The ICRC and its delegates.

Medical commissions.

Other organizations authorized to assist EPWs.

Use postal and other appropriate facilities.

The ICRC.

Protecting powers.

US military authorities.

Other relief or aid organizations (NGOs and IOs).

4-54. Medical and chaplain personnel are classified as RPs and are not considered EPWs. They receive, at a minimum, the benefits and protection afforded EPWs by the Geneva Conventions. However, EPW representatives do not represent them. The senior US or FN medical officer at each internment facility is responsible for the activities of retained medical personnel. The senior retained medical officer and the chaplain have the right to correspond and consult with the facility commander on all questions concerning their duties.

Speak to EPWs only when giving orders.

Treat all EPWs equally and with respect.

Respect religious articles and materials.

Treat all medical problems seriously.

Do not discuss politics or the conflict with EPWs.

Do not make promises.

Do not make obscene gestures.

Do not make derogatory remarks or political comments about EPWs and their cause.

Do not engage in commerce with EPWs.

4-57. The ROE vary from operation to operation. The commander in chief (CINC) establishes ROE in coordination with the SJA and the joint staff. Special ROE can be developed for use in internment facilities, but they must have CINC approval. Specific ROE may evolve to fit the changing environment and to ensure continued protection and safety for US personnel and EPWs. As a general principle, the ROE should remain simple and understandable.

Fraternization.

Favoritism.

Donation or receipt of gifts.

Engagement in commerce.

4-60. Do not discipline an EPW until he is given precise information regarding the offense(s). Allow the accused to explain his conduct and defend himself. Permit him to call witnesses, and use an interpreter if necessary. Maintain a record (on a locally produced form if available) of disciplinary punishment administered to EPWs. Disciplinary measures include—

Discontinuance of privileges that are granted over and above those allowed by the Geneva Conventions (not to exceed 30 days).

Confinement (not to exceed 30 days).

A fine (not to exceed one-half of the advance and working pay that an EPW receives during a 30-day period).

Fatigue duty (extra duty) (not to exceed 2 hours per day for 30 days). Fatigue duty does not apply to officers, and NCOs are only required to supervise.

4-62. Mark outer garments with the letters "PW." Use black letters, about 4 inches high; if the clothing is a dark color, use white letters. Mark shirts, coats, and similar items across the back and on the front of each sleeve (between the elbow and the shoulder). Mark trousers, walking shorts, and similar items across the back (slightly below the belt) and on the front of each leg (slightly above the knee). Do not mark hats and other accessories. Sample EPW clothing markings are shown in Figure 4-1 .

4-65. If dining facilities are unavailable, feed EPWs meals, ready-to-eat (MREs). These rations are easily stored and require no additional dietary supplements. However, when perishable food supplies (fresh vegetables, fruit, and meat) are available, substitute them for nonperishable items. Always provide sufficient drinking water. Do not issue extra rations because EPWs can stockpile food and use it for escapes. The commander may authorize EPWs to prepare their own meals under the supervision of US personnel.

4-66. During the early stages of captivity (in brigade and division areas), allow EPWs to retain their own rations. However, arrange for collective feeding of EPWs according to the terms of the Geneva Conventions at the earliest opportunity.

May mail two letters (DA Form 2667-R) and four postcards (DA Form 2668-R) free of charge as prescribed in AR 190-8.

May address complaints in writing to US military authorities and the protecting power. Complaints are not limited in length or in number, and they are not charged against an EPW's correspondence allotment. All complaints are transmitted immediately.

Cannot write letters for other EPWs. If an EPW is unable to write, the facility commander appoints someone to write and countersign the letter.

Cannot send parcels.

4-74. Canteens are operated according to the GPW and are installed as directed by the TO PM or senior MP officer. The EPWs can procure foodstuffs, soap, tobacco, and other items in canteens. The tariff for items available for EPWs never exceeds local market price, and payment procedures are outlined in DFAS-IN 37-1.

4-75. Profits made by the facility canteen are used to benefit the EPWs, and a special fund is created for this purpose. When an internment facility closes, transfer the credit balance of the special fund to another US internment facility in the TO. When all facilities are closed, transfer funds to an international welfare organization. The special fund is employed for the benefit of EPWs of the same nationality as those who have contributed to the fund. In case of a general repatriation, profits are kept by the US.

NOTE: The EPW representatives can make suggestions regarding the management of canteens and special funds.

Levels of education throughout the EPW population.

Attitudes toward education and the education program.

Requirements for essential and necessary EPW work details.

The availability of qualified instructors (may include EPWs, indigenous personnel, and US Army military and civilian personnel).

Security considerations that may restrict or prohibit the use of EPWs or indigenous personnel.

4-80. The commander organizes and manages the EPW population in a manner that permits proper, ready employment of each EPW. He—

Establishes and maintains a current occupational-skill record for each EPW and includes new skills as they are acquired.

Assigns individual EPWs to a work detail or a job on a regular or permanent basis.

Establishes vocational-training projects.

Encourages EPWs to study and develop skills.

An officer cannot be compelled to work.

An NCO can only be required to supervise the work of enlisted personnel.

An EPW cannot be compelled to engage in work that is purely military in nature and purpose.

An EPW cannot be employed on a work detail that is unhealthy or dangerous because of the work's nature or the individual's lack of physical fitness or technical skill. (See the GPW and AR 190-8 for guidance on this type of employment.)

An EPW/RP cannot be assigned to labor that is considered humiliating or degrading for members of the US armed forces. This prohibition does not include unpleasant, necessary tasks that are connected to administering and maintaining the facility.

An EPW cannot be employed or retained in an area where he may be exposed to direct or indirect fire.

Labor performed for a contract employer or a federal agency.

Services as orderlies and cooks for officer EPWs.

Services to construct, administer, manage, and maintain EPW facilities, branch facilities, and hospitals when such services are performed by EPWs permanently assigned to certain duties or occupations.

Labor performed by RPs.

Spiritual or medical duties.

Services as EPW representatives or assistants. These individuals are paid from the EPW fund. If an EPW fund does not exist, they are paid from US Army appropriated funds.

Services as detail leaders or interpreters.

Category I (EPWs below the rank of sergeant [SGT]): 8 Swiss francs.

Category II (SGTs, other NCOs, and EPWs of equivalent rank): 12 Swiss francs.

Category III (warrant officers [WOs], commissioned officers below the rank of major [MAJ], and EPWs of equivalent rank): 50 Swiss francs.

Category IV: (MAJs, lieutenant colonels [LTCs], colonels [COLs], and EPWs of equivalent rank): 60 Swiss francs.

Category V (GOs and EPWs of equivalent rank): 75 Swiss francs.

4-87. The types and quantities of agriculture supplies required (seeds, fertilizers, and implements) are procured through local purchase or Army supply channels. Ensure that necessary supplies are ordered in a timely manner.

Refusing to eat, work, or attend formations.

Working in an unsatisfactory manner.

Malingering.

Sabotaging equipment or facilities.

Assaulting other EPWs or guard personnel.

Taking hostages to secure concessions.

Escaping or participating in mass breakouts.

Intimidating other EPWs.

Fabricating weapons or other illegal items.

Printing or circulating propaganda material.

Creating embarrassing situations or making false accusations to influence international inspection teams or members of the protecting power or the ICRC.

Instigating disturbances and riots to place the facility staff in unfavorable positions (this allows EPWs to gain concessions and influence custodial policies).

Establish communications with EPWs by using agents, smuggled radios, and foreign-language newspapers.

Order members to submit to capture so that they can become agitators in the internment facility.

Liberate EPWs through direct military action by regular or irregular forces.

4-92. The EPWs may try to communicate with EPWs from other compounds and facilities. The most common places for communication are—

Dispensary and food distribution points. Messages can be hidden where EPWs from neighboring compounds can find them. Alert observations and periodic searches minimize the possibility of communication in these areas.

Hospitals. If an EPW is sick or injured, examine him carefully to ensure that hospitalization is required. Do not inform the EPW patient of his discharge until the last possible moment. Conduct a complete search of each EPW and his personal effects upon admission and discharge from a hospital.

Work details. Maintain an adequate distance between work details to prevent EPWs from exchanging information.

4-94. Timely information relative to attitudes and activities enables the facility commander to forecast disturbances and other clandestine activities. This information is an important means of countering resistance movements, minimizing the use of force, and maintaining control. An effective information-gathering system identifies dissident elements, including leaders, plans, and methods.

4-95. All facility personnel must detect and report significant information. They can acquire important information through observation and insight, even though they are not trained intelligence specialists.

4-96. In compounds that house cooperative EPWs, a special intelligence organization is not needed. Tap ordinary sources of information continually and assess them sensitively. These sources include communications, observations, and reports of military, administrative, and security personnel; criminal investigation data; disciplinary reports; and grievance statements.

4-97. Intelligence requirements incorporate information required by the commander to ensure the continued control of EPWs and information requested by higher headquarters and other agencies. The S2 prepares PIR and coordinates intelligence requirements to maintain a constant flow of intelligence to the commander.

4-98. Identify the following essential elements of information (EEI):

EPW agitators and leaders and their followers.

Clandestine EPW organizations, including their strength, objectives, and members.

Underground communications systems and overt attempts to communicate—

Between EPW compounds and internment facilities.

With indigenous civilian personnel.

Suspicious activities by local people near the internment facility (photographing or sketching the facility).

Fabricated weapons, stores of food, and clothing supplies in the compound.

Plans to conduct demonstrations, including—

The date and time.

The number of EPWs involved (by compound).

The nature of the demonstration (passive, harassing, or violent act).

Objectives (distributing propaganda, weakening or testing authority and security, establishing control, or planning mass escapes or outbreaks).

Provide opportunities for EPWs to volunteer information of intelligence value and offer protection from reprisal by removal or transfer to safe facilities.

Conduct periodic, unannounced searches and patrols.

Search EPWs on departure from and return to the facility.

Train personnel on the techniques and importance of observing, recognizing, and reporting information that may have intelligence value, such as—

Unusual activities, especially before holidays or celebrations.

Messages being passed between groups of EPWs on work details.

Messages being passed to or from local civilians while EPWs are on work details.

Messages being signaled from one compound to another.

Conducting periodic, unannounced, and systematic searches to detect tunneling, caches of food or clothing, weapons, maps, and money or other valuables.

Maintaining strict accountability for tools and equipment that EPWs can access or use.

Examining perimeter fencing daily to detect cuts or other weaknesses.

Examining the lighting system during darkness to detect poorly lighted areas along the perimeter. (Replace burned out or broken light bulbs immediately.)

Conducting training and refresher training to ensure that all security and guard personnel are familiar with security precautions, techniques, and procedures.

Searching vehicles and containers taken into or out of the internment facility.

Supervising the disposition of unconsumed rations (in the internment facility and on work details) to prevent caching of food.

Roll calls and head counts on regular and unannounced bases.

Roll calls twice daily, preferably early morning and late evening.

Head counts immediately after witnessing a mass disturbance, discovering an open tunnel, or detecting a hole or break in a fence.

Head counts frequently while on work details and when en route to another facility.

4-106. When an EPW tries to escape, a guard shouts HALT three times; thereafter, the guard uses the least amount of force necessary to halt the EPW. If there is no other effective means of preventing escape, deadly force can be used. If an EPW tries to escape from a fenced enclosure, do not fire unless he clears the outside fence (barrier, concertina wire, or razor tape) and makes further effort to escape. If an EPW tries to escape outside a fenced enclosure, fire if he does not halt after the third command.

4-107. An escape is successful if an EPW—

Reaches the lines of his forces or the allies of that power.

Leaves the territory that the US or its allied powers control.