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If restricted visibility is encountered or expected. |
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If traffic conditions or movements of other ships are causing concern. |
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If difficulty is experienced in maintaining course. |
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On failure to sight land, a navigation mark or obtain soundings by the expected time. |
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If, unexpectedly, land or a navigation mark is sighted or change in sounding occurs. |
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On the breakdown of the engines, steering gear, or any essential navigational equipment. |
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In heavy weather, if in any doubt about the possibility of weather damage. |
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If the ship meets any hazard to navigation, such as ice or derelicts. |
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In any other emergency or situation in which the OOW is in any doubt. |