Every chemical compound is either an organic compound or an inorganic compound.  All organic compounds contain the element carbon.   Most organic compounds occur naturally only in living organisms or in their products.  Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.   Every compound that is not organic is         inorganic.

Why is water important for living things?
· All living things need water to survive.
· Most organisms are made up mostly of water.
· Water is used in many bodily functions such as detoxification, excretion, nutrient exchange, etc….

What is cohesion?
· Force of attraction between two molecules of the same substance.
· Because water is a polar molecule it will attract other water molecules.  Ex.   Two water molecules coming together.

How does cohesion help water store heat?
· To turn water into steam heat must be added to get water molecules to separate.  Because water is attracted to other water molecule with great force a lot of heat (energy) must be added.


What is adhesion?
· Attractive force between molecules of two different substances.  Ex.  Water sticking to the side of a glass
· Contributes to water being the universal solvent.

What is capillary action?
· Ability of water to climb the inside of a small tube

What is a carbohydrate? 
· Carbon compound where the hydrogen to oxygen ratio is 2:1  - C₆H₁₂O₆  -same as water
· Commonly called a saccharide or sugar
· All sugars end with ose. Ex. Glucose, maltose, cellulose.

What is dehydration synthesis?
· Process by which two substances are put together by removing water.
· Putting chains of substances together forms a polymer. Ex. polysaccharide, polyester, PVC. 
· Hydrolysis (adding water) breaks these bonds.
· Both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis use enzymes

What is formed when two simple sugars undergo dehydration synthesis?
· Disaccharide - two simple sugars (monosaccharide)

What are lipids?
· Carbon compounds that contain hydrogen in a much greater number than oxygen.
· Commonly known as fats, oils, and waxes.

Lipids are formed from what two compounds?
· Fatty acids and glycerol make up lipids

What are proteins?
· Carbon compounds that contain nitrogen as well as hydrogen and oxygen.
· Made up of 20 possible amino acids.

Why are proteins so important?
· Proteins are everywhere in the body:  muscles, bones, cartilage, hormones, neurotransmitters, and enzymes.

What happens when two amino acids undergo dehydration synthesis?
· A peptide bond is formed and the substance is now a dipeptide also called a protein.