Study Guide
for Chapter 14 –New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Terms and People to Know
Ch14 Sec1
(Pages
449-454)
<>Queen
Christina Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus
On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres.
Ptolemy
Almagest Ptolemaic Sytems geocentrism Aristotle
epicycle deferent heliocentric Tycho
Brahe Johannes
Kepler The New
Astronomy
Galileo Galilei The Starry
Messenger Letters on Sunspots University of Padua University
of
Florence Grand Duke of Tuscany Isaac Newton The Mathematical
Principles
of Natural Philosophy Principia
Mathematica Laws of Motion gravity
empirical data
Ch14 Sec2
(pages
454-462)
<>Francis
Bacon empiricism
The Advancement of Learning
Novum Organum The New
Atlantis Rene Descartes analytic geometry
Rational Deduction
Discourse on Method
Meditations scientific
induction Thomas Hobbes
William Harvey Thucydides History of
the Peloponnesian War Leviathan Social Contract
John Locke Anthony
Ashley
Cooper Earl of Shaftesbury First Treatise of Government
Second Treatise of Government Letter
Concerning
Toleration Essay Concerning
Human
Understanding tabula rasa
Ch14 Sec3
(pages
462-470)
<>The
Royal Society of
London The Academy of
Experiments French Academy of
Science Berlin Academy of Science projectors
Enlightenment Queen Christina
of Sweden Margaret Cavendish
Observations Upon Experimental
Philosophy Grounds of Natural
Philosophy Maria Cunitz
Elisabetha and Johannes Hevelius Maria
Winkelmann Gottfried Kirch
Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World Bernard de Fontenelle
Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds Francesco
Algaroti Newtonianism for Ladies
Emilie du Chatelet Galileo's
Trial Letter to the Grand Duchess
Christina Pope Urban VIII Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems Pope John Paul II
Blaise Pascal
Pensees Jansenists Port-Royal
physico-theology John
Ray
The Wisdom of God Manifested in his Works of Creation
<>Ch14
Sec4 (pages
470-477)
Witch-hunts panics
malificium sabbats misogyny
The Hammer of Witches Heinrich
Kramer Jacob Springer
Innocent VIII
<>Ideas to
remember
• What
were the main
ways in which the scientific view of the universe in 1700 differed rom
the
scientific view of the universe in 1500? What specifically had humans
learned?
• Describe
and explain
the theories of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Bacon, Newton and Brahe.
Which
ones made the most significant contributions?
• Compare and
contrast
the thoughts of Pascal with Hobbes, and
Locke with Newton
• Describe and explain the role that women
played in the achievements of the Scientific Revolution.
• Describe
and explain
the phenomenon of Witchcraft and witch hunts during the Age of the
Scientific
Enlightenmentf