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The Sport of Paintball


So...what is paintball you ask?

Paintball is a sport where players use C02 powered or N2 (compressed air) powered guns to shoot and eliminate players of the opposing force.

 

Where do you play paintball?

Recreational outdoor paintball is played in a wooded area about the size of a football field. There are typically lots of trees, and sometimes streams, bunkers, tunnels, shacks, etc.
Indoor paintball and tournament paintball are played in a more open area with only man made objects (inflatables, stacked tires, etc.) to hide behind.
Speedball is played in a very small, enclosed area with teams of only 1-3 players.

 

What exactly are the rules?

When a paintball breaks on you, you must yell "hit!", put in your barrel plug, and walk off the field.
For most types of games, after you're eliminated, you become a spectator until the game is over.
For most types of games, if you leave the field for any reason, you cannot re-enter. You must wait until the next game.
You must stay within the boundaries of the course. Usually they are marked with caution tape.
Whenever you are not playing, your barrel plug must be in.
Whenever you are on the field, your mask must be on.
You may not shoot a person more than two times.
You must ask the opponent to surrender if you are less than 20 feet away from them. If they refuse or do not respond, shoot them.
Your gun must be shooting no faster than 300 feet per second, 280 fps at some places. Velocities are measured with a chronograph.
Shooting fully automatic is not allowed.

 

How do you get eliminated?

If you are shot by a paintball and it breaks, you are eliminated... even if it's by your own teammate. Where I play, If you are shot anywhere, even your gun, you are eliminated. If you are shot by a paintball and it doesn't break, you are still alive. If a paint grenade goes off by you and you have paint the size of a quarter or larger anywhere on your body or on your gun, you are eliminated.

 

Where do you go when you're eliminated?

You go to a designated location just outside of the field. Usually there is a table where players keep their supplies. Once you're eliminated, you can clean your gun, clean your mask, load up on paintballs, wipe off the paint from your clothes, or just watch the action. Usually there is a screen surrounding the field so that you can watch but not worry about getting shot!

 

What are the different games/scenarios in paintball?

The most frequently played game is capture the flag. One flag is placed on a pole at each end of the field, and each team begins next to their flag. The object of the game is to take the other teams flag and return it to the starting point.
Elimination is another popular game, where the objective is simply to eliminate all of the players of the other team.
President, a.k.a. VIP, is a game where one player plays the unarmed VIP, and he has a number of bodyguards. The terrorists, or assassins, are the other team and their objective is to eliminate the president. If the president makes it to the other end of the course without getting shot, his team wins.
The last game of the day is often reincarnation. You can just play with a time limit, you can play capture the flag reincarnation, or whatever else you can come up with. In reincarnation, when you're shot, you just go back to the starting point or leave the field to restock, then return to your team's aid. This game is particularly good for a final game, since it is a war of attrition. Whichever team uses up all of their air or paintballs first, loses!

 

What are the different types of guns/weapons?

There are several different types of weapons used in paintball. You have your gun, a.k.a. marker, paint grenades that detonate on impact, and smoke grenades.
There are several types of guns, and dozens of gun companies. The different types of guns are as follows:
Pump - must pump with each shot
Semi-auto - shoots every time you squeeze the trigger
Full-auto - hold the trigger down to shoot about 20 balls per second
My paintball gun is a Kingman Spyder Sonix, semi-auto.


This is a picture of a stock spyder sonix.

My sonix has many upgrades. One of the reasons I decided to buy this particular gun, is because there are so many aftermarket parts available for it. The Spyder company is like the Honda civic of paintball!
I will discuss the different parts available for a paintball gun, and the benefits of each. First, the parts I have replaced or added to my gun.....

  • Replaced Barrel - Black J&J Ceramic 14". The advantage of a longer barrel is accuracy at short and especially long distances. The advantage of a ported barrel is noise reduction. The advantage of a ceramic barrel is noise reduction, and if a ball breaks in a ceramic barrel, you can dry fire the barrel clean (so I hear). I actually have yet to break a ball in my ceramic barrel.
  • Replaced Elbow - Clear ACI 7/8inch Elbow. This elbow can be adjusted with thumb screws, which will prevent the hopper from coming off when your gun is banged around.
  • Replaced Cocking Knob - Taso Stainless Steel Cocking Knob. This knob can be screwed in tight with a flathead screwdriver. No longer will the cocking knob vibrate lose during rapid fire.
  • Modified Bolt - Poor Man's Lightening Bolt. Took out the venturi with needle-nosed pliers to allow for greater and more evenly spread airflow over the paintball. Less ball breaks, less paintball deformity.
  • Replaced Main Spring - Shocktech Spyder Spring Kit. If your regular velocity adjuster isn't lowering or raising velocity enough, then you need a spring kit. With this kit, springs are color coded for tension level. The more tension, the harder the striker pushes against the valve spring, allowing for more air to propel the ball. More tension = more velocity.
  • Replaced Front Block - Black Taso Vertical Adapter/Front Block. The Spyder Sonix comes with a gas-through foregrip that screws over the front block. I wanted an expansion chamber, which screws into it, not over it. In order to run C02 vertically, put on an expansion chamber, or an in-line regulator, you need a vertical adapter that has inside threads.
  • Replaced Gas-through Foregrip - Chrome Dead On X-Core 8 Stage Expansion Chamber. There are two advantages of having an expansion chamber. First, it keeps liquid C02 out of your gun during freezing weather. Ever tried to play in freezing weather and had chunks of frozen C02 sputter out of the barrel with every shot? With a good expansion chamber, that is no longer a problem. Also, expansion chambers regulate the amount of gas C02 going into your gun. This means that your velocity will be more consistent from shot to shot, thus, better precision (shot groupings).
  • Replaced low pressure chamber - Shocktech Low Pressure Chamber. A low pressure chamber with greater area would allow for more C02 to be stored in the gun. This, in theory, would make the gun lower pressure. Lower pressure, along with high flowing internals makes for noise reduction and less ball deformity, as I describe in detail later. An aftermarket low pressure chamber is especially good for those of us who don't have regulators.
  • Took off sight rail. Who actually uses the sight rail on a paintball gun?

    Other parts I could buy/plan to buy are.....

  • Adjustable Cradle/Drop Forward. This brings the shoulder stock, or C02 tank to your shoulder in a more comfortable, and better shooting position. It also balances out your gun better.
  • External Velocity Adjuster. This allows you to adjust velocity without an allen wrench, which would be nice if you need to adjust it during a game.
  • Electronic Trigger Frame. This turns your semi-auto gun into an electro. It operates on a rechargeable battery, and often has an LCD screen to tell you what mode you're in. You might ask, why turn your gun into an automatic when only semi-auto is allowed on the field? Because, the rate of fire even in semi-auto mode is much faster.... an electronic (a.k.a. "response") frame has a super short trigger pull - I've heard it described as similar to clicking a mouse.
  • Battery Operated Hopper, a.k.a Revy. Basically, if you have a rate of fire above seven balls per second, gravity can't keep up, and your gun will become a paintball blender. This is called out-shooting your gun, but the problem is solved with a good revy. It uses battery power to force a ball in the chamber after every shot, and is a must if you have an electronic frame..... well, the one exception is the Tippmann A5 Response, which uses a new feeding system that chambers balls using air power.
  • An HPA (High Pressure Air) tank, a.k.a. Nitrogen. Although very expensive, it might save you money in the long run since refills are cheaper. Also, I've heard that you get more shots per tank than with C02, and you can play in cold weather since N2 has a much lower freezing point and N2 always comes with a regulator... it has to because N2 tanks hold 4500 PSI, far too much for a paintball gun to withstand.
  • High-flowing Valve. Main advantage is more air flow. This increases velocity, which means that you can operate at a lower pressure.
  • In-line Regulator With Output Gauge. This would allow me to continue using C02 but regulate the pressure of my gun with a turn of a knob.

    Why would you want to regulate your gun's pressure?

    Well....
    many paintballers try to make their guns "low pressure". Whether using C02 or N2, ideally, you want to operate at 200-350 PSI. My stock gun running on C02 for instance, is at about 800 PSI. With a regulator, all you have to do to lower the operating pressure, is turn the knob down to 350 PSI or so. But, obviously if you just turn the pressure down, the velocity will drop significantly. Therefore, before you can operate at a pressure that low, you must increase the flow of C02 within your gun. You must get every bit of velocity possible out of your gun without tinkering with the pressure or the velocity adjuster. You will turn the pressure down after, and the velocity adjuster is just for minor adjustments on the field.

    The first thing you should do is get a good barrel without lots of porting. The barrel must be long enough, so that the ball has time to accelerate to it's maximum velocity, but not so long that drag occurs (12"-14" is fine). Also, if there is too much porting, then air can be wasted, resulting in less velocity. Other modifications for getting the best flow possible are to get a new bolt, a new valve, a weak valve spring and/or a strong main spring, and even drill air intake holes larger. All of this will create great flow in your gun, and at that stock 800PSI your gun could be shooting ridiculously fast... you shouldn't actually try it because 1)it's dangerous 2)your balls will probably break, and 3) it's bad for the valve. So, now that you've achieved high flow you can turn down the PSI with the regulator. In this way it is possible to operate at 350PSI and still shoot 300 fps.

    It doesn't use more air than before either. Say, by drilling the hole larger and getting a high-flow valve, twice as much air hits the ball in the same amount of time that the valve is open. So if you turn the pressure down half, the volume of air reaching the ball will be the same that it was in the beginning. The velocity will be the same and the same amount of C02 used, just a much lower pressure. Because of your good bolt and barrel, you can maintain velocity at an even lower pressure and get even better gas efficiency!

    Now for the real advantages... with all of the stock parts, your gun wasted lots of air, created a lot of drag, and slapped the ball out of the barrel rather than pushing it out. With a low pressure setup, the ball is pushed out of the barrel. The advantages of this are less breaks, and less ball deformity. Less ball deformity means less drag, better accuracy and a flatter trajectory. Other benefits of low pressure are better performance in cold weather and major noise reduction.

     

    Lots of pictures coming soon!
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