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Coach K bests Calhoun as top tourney coach

Updated: Jan. 31, 2007, 2:14 AM ET

Contributed by Peter Tiernan, ESPN.com Bracketologist

The 2006 NCAA Tournament was not kind to many of the all-time best coaches of the 64-team era. Among active coaches with the 10 best tourney records since 1985, only Tubby Smith and his eighth-seeded Kentucky Wildcats performed better than their seed position would dictate. Six top coaches -- most notably Jim Boeheim, Tom Izzo and Mike Krzyzewski, but also Steve Fisher, Roy Williams and Jim Calhoun -- made disappointing early exits from the Dance. The other three coaches -- Rick Pitino, Tom Penders and Gary Williams -- might have been fortunate not to make the tourney.

Despite the underachievement of so many elite tourney coaches, there hasn't been much upheaval in the top-10 list of active coaches with the best tourney records. Here's how the winningest coaches with at least five tourney appearances stack up:

Which active coach has the best record of the 64-team era?
'06 RK '05 RK Coach Team Wins Losses Win %
1 1 Mike Krzyzewski Duke 68 18 .791
2 2 Rick Pitino Louisville 31 9 .775
3 3 Tom Izzo Michigan State 23 8 .742
4 6 Jim Calhoun Connecticut 38 14 .731
5 5 Roy Williams North Carolina 42 16 .724
6 4 Steve Fisher San Diego State 20 8 .714
7 7 Tubby Smith Kentucky 28 12 .700
8 15 Billy Donovan Florida 16 7 .696
9 8 Gary Williams Maryland 25 12 .676
10 NR Bruce Weber Illinois 10 5 .667
Krzyzewski still holds a comfortable margin over second-place Pitino. Coach K's near .800 winning percentage, the equivalent of going 4-1, means that he averages a Final Four appearance every time he's in the tourney. Pitino is the only other coach who comes close to such an impressive performance. The next four coaches -- Izzo, Calhoun, Roy Williams and Fisher -- have near .750 records, which makes them reliable advancers to the Elite Eight. The rest of the top 10 are closer to 2-1 records, suggesting that they consistently reach the Sweet 16.

There are two coaches new to the top 10. With Florida's championship run, Billy Donovan vaulted from 15th place last year to eighth this year. Bruce Weber also cracked the top 10, but it was more by virtue of attaining the requisite five appearances than of performing well in 2006. The Illini won just a single game as a No. 4 seed last year. Donovan and Weber took the places of veteran coaches Boeheim and Lute Olson. Syracuse's early ouster at the hands of Texas A&M dropped Boeheim to 11th place at 35-18 (.660). Arizona actually performed better than most No. 8 seeds, winning in Round 1 and taking top-seeded Villanova to overtime. But that didn't stop Olson from falling to 13th place with a 39-21 (.650) record.

Coaching overachievers in the 64-team era
Winning percentage is only part of the story in assessing tourney coaching performance. For the past two years, we've used a statistical approach that compares a coach's actual winning record against his expected performance based on seed. "Performance against seed expectations," or PASE, is calculated by tallying the number of games a coach over- or underperformed against his seed position in each tourney appearance. Over the past 22 years, each seed has recorded an average number of wins per tournament. Top seeds win 3.32 games each tourney, No. 2 seeds win 2.41, No. 3 seeds win 1.78 and so on. When the coach of a second-seeded team wins only one game, like Thad Matta did last year, he underperforms by 1.41 games. If you add up a coach's year-by-year performance, you can come up with the average games per tourney by which he deviated from the expected victory total. Take Donovan, last year's champion coach. In his eight appearances, he should've won 12.2 games based on seeding. He actually won 16 -- about 3.8 games better than expectations, or 0.47 games per tourney.

That makes Donovan the seventh-best coaching overachiever with at least five tourney appearances. Here are the PASE results of the top 10 active coaches in the modern 64-team era:

Top 10 tourney coaches, 1985-2006, 5 or more appearances
(Performance against seed expectations)
'06 RK '05 RK Coach Team App # Avg. seed Exp'd wins Act'l wins +/- Wins PASE Change '05-'06
1 1 Steve Fisher San Diego State 9 6.22 12.14 20 7.86 +0.874 -0.174
2 3 Rick Pitino Louisville 10 3.30 22.48 31 8.52 +0.852 +0.009
3 2 Tom Izzo Michigan State 9 4.67 16.28 23 6.72 +0.746 -0.243
4 4 Mike Krzyzewski Duke 21 2.14 54.20 68 13.80 +0.657 -0.091
5 NR Bruce Weber Illinois 5 6.40 7.00 10 3.00 +0.600 -0.290
6 5 Tom Penders Houston 10 9.30 7.10 12 4.90 +0.490 -0.008
7 29 Billy Donovan Florida 8 4.13 12.24 16 3.76 +0.470 +0.542
8 6 Gary Williams Maryland 13 5.23 19.17 25 5.83 +0.448 -0.003
9 7 Jim Calhoun Connecticut 16 4.56 31.55 38 6.45 +0.403 -0.044
10 NR Bo Ryan Wisconsin 5 6.80 4.99 7 2.01 +0.402 -0.229

Fisher held on to the top PASE spot despite the fact that his No. 11 seed Aztecs' first-round loss dropped him under the one-game-per-tourney overachievement rate. Many have written to argue that the tainted "Fab Five" years ought to disqualify Fisher from consideration altogether, but I've restricted my analysis to the numbers. If you're inclined to dismiss Fisher, though, then Pitino is your coaching PASE leader. He jumped up to second place -- by not even coaching in the 2006 tourney. Izzo's PASE fell .243 and he dropped to third when his No. 6 seed Spartans lost to George Mason in Round 1.

Izzo and Fisher weren't the only overachievers to have their PASE numbers fall. Krzyzewski, Weber, Calhoun and Wisconsin's Bo Ryan all saw their PASE drop significantly, yet they remained in the top 10. (The slight PASE changes for Houston's Penders and Maryland's Gary Williams are the result of changes from the 2005 to 2006 wins-per-seed totals.) The only former top-10 coach whose 2006 performance forced him off the leader list was Boeheim. With his one-game underperformance as a five seed, Boeheim slid to 13th place behind UCLA's Ben Howland and Kentucky's Smith.

The only top-10 coaching overachiever who actually overachieved in 2006 was -- surprise, surprise -- Donovan. His championship run vaulted him from underperformer status (-.072 PASE) to about a half-game-per-tourney overperformance. The other two coaches to crack the top-10 PASE list got there by reaching the "five tourney appearances" qualification. Both Weber and Ryan joined the rest of the Big Ten in underachieving … yet their first four tourney performances were good enough to put them fifth and 10th, respectively, after their fifth appearance.

Biggest advancers and decliners
Donovan wasn't the only coach to have his PASE numbers take a big jump in 2006. Among coaches with at least three tourney appearances, George Mason's Jim Larranaga recorded the largest leap -- no surprise there -- a 1.228 increase that turned him from a modest underperformer to a +1.038 PASE overachiever. LSU's John Brady also scored a big PASE improvement, reversing his results by .747 from half-a-game underachievement to +.239. The other two big advancers were Washington coach Lorenzo Romar (increasing .442 with his No. 5 seed Huskies' two wins -- yet still netting an underperforming -.435 PASE) and Georgetown coach John Thompson III (up .422 to a +.303 PASE on the strength of two wins by his No. 7 seed Hoyas).

For every advancer, there's an equal and nearly opposite decliner. Who were the biggest PASE losers of 2006? Bruce Pearl took the most precipitous fall. Before last year, he was a PASE golden boy, a half-game better than expectations from two wins in two seasons as a No. 12 seed. But when Pearl's second-seeded Volunteers got upended in Round 2, his PASE plummeted to -.136, a drop of .636. Steve Alford had a similar swoon. His No. 3 seed Hawkeyes had the dubious distinction of suffering the biggest first-round upset of 2006, a 64-63 loss to Northwestern State. Alford lost .528 off his PASE to wind up a -.199 underachiever. The only other coach to see his PASE slide more than half a game was Mike Anderson, the former UAB coach who took over the Missouri program. Before last year, Anderson was nearly a one-game-per-tourney overachiever, with two wins as a No. 9 seed in 2004 -- including an upset of top-seeded Kentucky -- and one win as a No. 11 seed. His ninth-seeded Blazers' first-round exit last year brought him down to earth. He's still a near half-game overperformer at +.447 but no longer is on pace to assault the top-10 list.

Coaching underachievers in the 64-team era
In any given tournament, about half the coaches are bound to see their PASE decline. In the past 22 years, some coaches have fallen more consistently into that bottom half. Here are the PASE results of the bottom 10 coaching underachievers with at least five tourney appearances in the 64-team era:

Bottom 10 tourney coaches, 1985-2006, 5 or more appearances (Performance against seed expectations)
'06 RK '05 RK Coach Team App # Avg. seed Exp'd wins Act'l wins +/- Wins PASE Change '05-'06
1 2 Dana Altman Creighton 7 9.14 5.70 2 -3.70 -0.529 -0.012
2 3 Skip Prosser Wake Forest 9 7.22 10.39 6 -4.39 - 0.487 -0.008
3 5 Kelvin Sampson Indiana 12 6.25 16.41 11 -5.41 -0.451 -0.083
4 NR Bobby Lutz Charlotte 5 7.80 3.74 2 -1.74 -0.348 +0.012
5 7 Dave Odom South Carolina 9 5.22 13.05 10 -3.05 -0.338 +0.009
6 6 Rick Barnes Texas 14 6.14 17.94 14 -3.94 -0.282 +0.075
7 8 Bob Huggins Kansas State 14 4.14 23.83 20 -3.83 -0.274 -0.004
8 4 Al Skinner Boston College 7 6.43 7.91 6 -1.91 -0.273 +0.118
9 9 Fran Dunphy Temple 9 12.33 3.24 1 -2.24 -0.249 +0.004
10 10 Bobby Knight Texas Tech 18 5.00 28.26 24 -4.26 - 0.237 +0.008
When Danny Nee stepped down from the Duquesne coaching job, he also escaped the ignominy of having the lowest PASE among active coaches. That distinction now belongs to Dana Altman, whose Creighton Bluejays should've won about six games in their seven trips to the Dance but have won only two -- a performance that works out to a -.529 PASE. Skip Prosser isn't far behind Altman. A couple of quick exits as a No. 2 seed have made the Demon Deacons' coach a near half-game underachiever.

The biggest decliner among the bottom-10 PASE coaches was Kelvin Sampson. His No. 6 seed Sooners' winless 2006 tourney pushed him from fifth to third among modern era underperformers. The coach with the most improved PASE was Boston College coach Al Skinner. By notching two wins as a No. 4 seed, the Eagles pulled their coach from fourth place on the underperforming list to eighth.

Up-and-coming coaches
With one or two more solid appearances, several coaches are poised to crack the top 10 list of overachievers in the 64-team era. Here are the top "upstart" coaches in PASE who have three or four trips to the Dance:

Top 10 tourney "upstart" coaches, 1985-2006, 3 or 4 appearances (Performance against seed expectations)
'06 RK Coach Team App # Avg. seed Exp'd wins Act'l wins +/- Wins PASE Change '05-'06
1 Jim Larranaga George Mason 3 13.00 0.89 4 3.11 +1.038 +1.228
2 John Beilein West Virginia 4 10.00 2.58 6 3.42 +0.855 +0.280
3 Mike Davis UAB 4 5.50 4.82 7 2.18 +0.545 -0.276
4 Paul Hewitt Georgia Tech 4 7.25 3.88 6 2.13 +0.531 -0.004
5 Mike Anderson Missouri 3 9.67 1.66 3 1.34 +0.447 -0.523
6 John Thompson III Georgetown 3 12.00 1.09 2 0.91 +0.303 +0.422
7 Ronald Mitchell Coppin State 3 15.00 0.14 1 0.86 +0.288 -0.002
8 Charlie Coles Miami (OH) 3 12.00 1.16 2 0.84 +0.280 -0.005
9 John Brady LSU 4 5.50 5.05 6 0.95 +0.239 +0.747
10 Kevin Stallings Vanderbilt 3 8.67 2.36 3 0.64 +0.212 +0.002
George Mason's Larranaga probably will never lead a more magical run than his Patriots accomplished last year. It's likely no coach will, for that matter. In fact, the only other No. 11 seed to reach the Final Four in the 22 years of the modern era was Dale Brown's LSU Tigers way back in 1986. For this one year, though, Larranaga is on top of the list of upstart overachievers, with more than a "one-game-per-tourney" PASE.

John Beilein has taken the opposite road to overachievement. Rather than scoring a "one-hit wonder" year, the West Virginia coach has built up his PASE on three straight overperforming tourneys. It started in 1998 when he steered No. 14 seed Richmond to a first-round upset, continued in 2005 with his seventh-seeded Mountaineers' three-win Elite Eight run and culminated last year with a Sweet 16 trip as a No. 6 seed. With a PASE of +.855, Beilein could challenge for the top spot among coaching overachievers if he has one more strong run in 2007.

Of the remaining upstart coaches, Mike Davis and Paul Hewitt share similar formulas for overachievement. Both have earned their positions as a result of one surprising run to the finals -- Davis in 2002 with the Hoosiers and Hewitt in 2004 with Georgia Tech. Since their breakthrough tourneys, neither has posted an overachieving postseason. Davis gave it a good try last year with a first-round win as a No. 6 seed, followed by a tough loss to No. 2 seed Gonzaga, but he actually lost .276 off his PASE for the effort.

In the fifth and sixth positions, Anderson and Thompson make an intriguing pair. Anderson was one of last year's biggest PASE decliners, and Thompson was one of the biggest advancers. Both will have high expectations placed on them this season. Anderson will be under pressure to turn around the Tigers' tourney fortunes; Thompson III will be looking to build on his Hoyas' surprising return to prominence.

The last decade tells a different story
Considering how the tournament has evolved in the 64-team era -- with the advent of the 3-point shot, the exodus of young talent to the NBA, the increasing value of guard play -- some would argue that the last decade is a more relevant measure of tourney performance. If you ascribe to the "What have you done for me lately?" theory, you might find this overachieving coaches list from 1997 to 2006 more valuable than the list from the entire modern era. (Something tells me UConn fans will favor this list and Duke fans will be partial to the 64-team era list.)

Top 10 tourney coaches, past decade, 4 or more appearances (Performance against seed expectations)
'06 RK '05 RK Coach Team App # Avg. seed Exp'd wins Act'l wins +/- Wins PASE
1 5 Jim Calhoun Connecticut 8 2.50 17.55 25 +7.45 +0.931
2 2 Tom Izzo Michigan State 9 4.67 16.18 23 +6.83 +0.758
3 1 Rick Pitino Louisville 4 4.75 7.20 10 +2.80 +0.700
4 3 Bruce Weber Illinois 5 6.40 6.85 10 +3.15 +0.630
5 NR Mike Davis UAB 4 5.50 4.75 7 +2.25 +0.563
6 9 Paul Hewitt Georgia Tech 4 7.25 4.18 6 +1.83 +0.456
7 25 Billy Donovan Florida 8 4.13 12.35 16 +3.65 +0.456
8 27 Ben Howland UCLA 5 6.60 6.78 9 +2.23 +0.445
9 14 Gary Williams Maryland 8 3.50 14.78 18 +3.23 +0.403
10 6 Bo Ryan Wisconsin 5 6.80 5.03 7 +1.98 +0.395
The biggest omission from the past decade's list of top coaching overachievers is Krzyzewski. Since 1997, he actually has underperformed, winning 29 games when his seed positions dictated about 30 wins. That's not exactly shameful underachievement, especially when you consider that Coach K was saddled with the high expectations of eight -- count 'em, eight -- top-seeded teams, one No. 2 seed and one No. 3 seed. It would be difficult for any coach to post overachieving numbers with such lofty seeding. Still, underachievement is underachievement … and Coach K falls into the red with a -.110 PASE. The other two all-time modern era overachievers not to crack the past decade's top 10 were Fisher and Penders, both of whom failed to make the requisite four appearances.

The past 10 years have been especially kind to Calhoun. He was just ninth on the list of modern era overachieving coaches heading into this year. But two championships and three Elite Eight runs since 1998 make him the decade's top PASE performer with nearly a one-game-per-tourney overperformance against seed expectations.

The other coaches who overlap on the 22- and 10-year lists are Pitino, Izzo, Weber, Donovan, Gary Williams and Ryan. None of them, however, has made more than a single position change -- up or down -- in the rankings. The three additions to the 10-year list are Davis, Hewitt and Howland, whose run to the 2006 finals turned him from an underachiever to a top PASE performer.

The past decade's list of the top 10 underachieving coaches is more volatile than that of the overachievers. Two 22-year underperforming coaches, Dave Odom and Rick Barnes, escaped the 10-year list. They were replaced by Rick Stansbury and Romar. Three coaches changed six positions from the all-time modern era to the past decade's rankings. Sampson and Charlotte's Bobby Lutz improved six places to nearly lift themselves out of the PASE basement, and Bob Huggins posted seven underperforming tourneys in nine appearances to wind up as the biggest PASE underachiever of the last 10 years.

Bottom 10 tourney coaches, last decade, 4 or more appearances (Performance against seed expectations)
'06 RK '05 RK Coach Team App # Avg. seed Exp'd wins Act'l wins +/- Wins PASE
1 NR Bob Huggins Kansas State 9 3.89 15.73 9 -6.73 -0.747
2 1 Rick Stansbury Mississippi State 4 4.75 5.78 3 -2.78 -0.694
3 2 Dana Altman Creighton 6 9.67 5.40 2 -3.40 -0.567
4 5 Skip Prosser Wake Forest 7 5.57 9.15 6 -3.15 -0.450
5 NR Lorenzo Romar Washington 4 5.75 5.73 4 -1.73 -0.431
6 3 Al Skinner Boston College 6 6.17 7.20 5 -2.20 -0.367
7 4 Bobby Knight Texas Tech 7 6.71 7.48 5 -2.48 -0.354
8 8 Fran Dunphy Temple 6 12.33 1.95 0 -1.95 -0.325
9 9 Kelvin Sampson Indiana 9 5.89 13.70 11 -2.70 -0.300
10 7 Bobby Lutz Charlotte 5 7.80 3.45 2 -1.45 -0.290
The final assessment: Four coaches lead the Dance
Last year, I conveniently avoided judging who was the best active coach of the 64-team era -- and I got blistered with e-mails calling on me to take a stand. So this year, I'll sift through all the numbers, come to a conclusion … and get blistered with even more e-mails.

On the basis of overall tournament record, modern era and past decade PASE, and number of championships, only four coaches are even worth considering in the "best tourney coach" debate: Pitino, Izzo, Calhoun and Krzyzewski. (Despite his modern era PASE leadership, Fisher has too much baggage and too little recent success to make the grade.)

Pitino has the second-best tourney record, the second-best modern-era PASE behind Fisher, the third-best 10-year PASE and one championship. He's a notch better than Izzo, whose résumé includes the third-best tourney record, third-best overall PASE, second-best 10-year PASE and one championship.

Calhoun's fourth-place tourney record and ninth-place modern era PASE aren't up to the records of Pitino and Izzo, but he has come on strong in the past decade with the best PASE performance and two championships. I rate him a shade better than Pitino.

Krzyzewski boasts the best tourney record and fourth-best PASE of the modern era, along with three championships -- the most of any coach in the past 22 years. Although his PASE has languished in recent years, he was saddled with the highest average seed (1.3) and nine more expected wins (30.1) than any coach. For this year, at least, Krzyzewski earns the nod over Calhoun as the best tourney coach of the modern era. One more early exit, though -- or one more strong performance by any of his three closest contenders -- and Coach K might get knocked off his perch.

Freelance writer Pete Tiernan has been studying the NCAA Tournament for 17 years. E-mail him here. Or go to www.bracketscience.com and check out the BracketMaster, which lets you do your own bracket analysis.


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