COMMUNITIES AGAINST CAPITALISM
 

Fighting Word: It's time for the left to reclaim the term 'anarchy.'
by Brooke Shelby Biggs July 27, 2001

http://mojones.com/web_exclusives/commentary/opinion/newshole15.html


"Anarchism does not mean bloodshed; it does not mean robbery, arson,
etc. These monstrosities are, on the contrary, the characteristic
features of capitalism. Anarchism means peace and tranquility to all."
-- August Spies, Haymarket protester

======================================

If you've watched the news much in the past two years, the term
"anarchist" probably evokes balaclava-clad ruffians with no political
agenda beyond breaking windows, burning police cars, and looting stores.
Mention the word and the world tunes out; violent thugs can't possibly
have a message worth listening to. The term has been used to paint all
activists with the same brush and to justify violent responses against
peaceful and aggressive protesters alike. The New York Post even called
Carlo Giuliani, the protester killed by Italian carabinieri at the G-8
summit in Genoa, an "anarchist berserker" who "deserved what he got."

As it happens, it was during another protest, more than 100 years ago,
that the word "anarchist" first made headlines. On May 1, 1886, an
anarchist group called the Chicago Knights of Labor -- whose supporters
included Mary Harris "Mother" Jones -- staged a peaceful march for an
eight-hour workday. The event led to a days-long general strike involving
thousands of workers; at one rally, police arrived and without provocation
sprayed the crowd with gunfire, killing at least one demonstrator.

Laborers gathered the next day at the city's Haymarket Square to protest
the violence. As the police chief shouted at the crowd to disperse, a bomb
exploded nearby, killing one officer. Startled and angry, police shot into
the crowd; seven more officers died in the melee, as did four striking
workers.

To this day, the identity of the Haymarket bomber is unknown. A number of
strike leaders were charged in connection with the crime, and four were
ultimately hanged. The campaign to clear their names inspired anarchist
movements worldwide, and led to May 1 being declared International Workers
Day, a holiday in much of the world.

But the word "anarchist" never was resuscitated. Writes historian W.T.
Whitney, "Unfortunately, the events surrounding the execution of the
Haymarket martyrs fueled the stereotype of radical activists as alien and
violent, thereby contributing to ongoing repression."

In fact, the word is derived from the Greek "an", meaning "without," and
"archos," meaning "ruler" or "authority. Historically, anarchism has been
defined as a philosophy opposed to hierarchy and exploitive power
structures -- an idea many lefties could love.

Problem is, the media, a significant portion of the left, and even some
academics misuse and misunderstand the term "anarchy." The kid in the
turtle costume marching peacefully in Seattle, Quebec, or Genoa may be as
much an anarchist as the guy smashing the windows at The Gap. It isn't
violence that makes the anarchist; it's the philosophy.

"Anarchism emerged out of the socialist movement as a distinct politics in
the nineteenth century," says the Institute for Anarchist Studies, a New
York-based nonprofit. "It asserted that it is necessary and possible to
overthrow coercive and exploitative social relationships, and replace them
with egalitarian, self-managed, and cooperative social forms."

So perhaps there is good reason why the term is so rarely used properly: A
nuanced debate about anarchism would lend credence to a set of ideas that
challenge the status quo.

"This process of misrepresentation is not without historical parallel,"
argues the Anarchism FAQ, an anarchist overview of the philosophy. "For
example, in countries which have considered government by one person
(monarchy) necessary, the words 'republic' or 'democracy' have been
used... to imply disorder and confusion. Those with a vested interest in
preserving the status quo will obviously wish to imply that opposition to
the current system cannot work in practice, and that a new form of society
will only lead to chaos."
=============
The Web is full of resources about the history, meaning, and application
of anarchism. In addition to the links above, check out the Anarchist
Archives, the Utne Reader Online's Anarchism 101, Noam Chomsky's thoughts
on anarchism, and Britannica.com's anarchists on film. [endblue.gif] What
do you think?