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Tirukkural: Getting close to the original |
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In Spirit, Content and Style |
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The 'choicest' of all translations in
English |
Different translations, compared and edited by: N.V.K. Ashraf
Division 1: Virtue (அறத்துப்பால்)
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From chapters 001 to 010 |
1. Praise of God | 2. Glory of rain | 3. Greatness of ascetics |
| 4. Emphasizing virtue | 5. Domestic life | 6. Ideal life partner | |
| 7. Betting children | 8. Possession of love | 9. Hospitality | |
| 10. Pleasant speech | |||
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From chapters 011 to 020 |
11. Gratitude | 12. Impartiality | 13. Self control |
| 14. Right conduct | 15. Faithfulness | 16. Forbearance | |
| 17. Not envying | 18. Not coveting | 19. Avoiding slander | |
| 20. Vain speech | |||
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From chapters 021 to 030 |
21. Fear of evil deeds | 22. Social obligation | 23. Charity |
| 24. Fame | 25. Being kind | 26. Shunning meat | |
| 27. Penance | 28. Imposture | 29. Avoiding fraud | |
| 30. Truthfulness | |||
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From chapters 031 to 038 |
31. Avoiding wrath | 32. Not hurting | 33. Not killing |
| 34. Impermanence | 35. Renunciation | 36. Truth realization | |
| 37. Destroying desire | 38. Fate | ||
Division 2: Wealth (பொருட்பால்)
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From chapters 039 to 050 |
39. Merits of King | 40. Learning | 41. Illiteracy |
| 42. Listening | 43. Wisdom | 44. Correcting faults | |
| 45. Company of great | 46. Mean company | 47. Planned action | |
| 48. Knowing strength | 49. Knowing time | 50. Knowing the place | |
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From chapters 051 to 060 |
51. Selection | 52. Deployment | 53. Cherishing kindred |
| 54. Avoiding laxity | 55. Governance | 56. Misrule | |
| 57. Avoiding tyranny | 58. Compassion | 59. Espionage | |
| 60. Possessing vigour | |||
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From chapters 061 to 070 |
61. Avoiding sloth | 62. Manliness | 63. Courage in trouble |
| 64. Ministers | 65. Persuasiveness | 66. Honest dealing | |
| 67. Efficiency | 68. Execution | 69. Envoys | |
| 70. Moving with kings | |||
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From chapters 071 to 080 |
71. Mind reading | 72. Knowing assembly | 73. Bravery in assembly |
| 74. Country | 75. Fortress | 76. Acquiring wealth | |
| 77. Army excellence | 78. Pride of an army | 79. Friendship | |
| 80. Choosing friends | |||
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From chapters 081 to 090 |
81. Familiarity | 82. Bad friendship | 83. False friendship |
| 84. Folly | 85. Inflated ignorance | 86. Hostility | |
| 87. Enemy's might | 88. Knowing strength | 89. Enemy within | |
| 90. Unoffending great | |||
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From chapters 091 to 100 |
91. Uxoriousness | 92. Public woman | 93. Avoiding alcohol |
| 94. Gambling | 95. Medicine | 96. Lineage | |
| 97. Honour | 98. The great | 99. Goodness | |
| 100. Courtesy | |||
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From chapters 101 to 108 |
101. Useless wealth | 102. Being ashamed | 103. Social service |
| 104. Agriculture | 105. Poverty | 106. Begging | |
| 107. Dread of begging | 108. Wickedness | ||
Division 3: Love (இன்பத்துப்பால்)
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From chapters 109 to 120 |
109. Fascination | 110. Reading hints | 121. Bliss of union |
| 112. Her charms | 113. Love's excellence | 114. Unabashed | |
| 115. Spreading rumors | 116. Separation | 117. Love sickness | |
| 118. Languishing eyes | 119. Hues of pallor | 120. Torture of loneliness | |
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From chapters 121 to 133 |
121. Nostalgic memoirs | 122. Dreams | 123. Evening sorrows |
| 124. Wasting away | 125. Heart to heart | 126. Loss of modesty | |
| 127. Mutual longings | 128. Sign language | 129. Yearning for union | |
| 130. Complaint to heart | 131. Coyness | 132. Lovers' quarrels | |
| 133. Joys of sulking | |||
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© N.V.K. Ashraf Uploaded in April 2006 |
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