The people of the encampment villages in Tindouf are composed on the one hand by the earlier inhabitants of the territory of Smara, from where they were expulsed, and on the other hand by a gathering of tribes that were wandering about. These people of Smara had been subjected by the French in the 20th century and don’t distinguish themselves from the nomads of the Sahara. 

Smara, the only Saharan town and territory in the Western Emptiness of the Sahara, was founded in 1905 by Ma El Ainin. Its language is the Hassaria, an Arabian dialect that comes closer to the classic Arabic than the dialects spoken by the nomadic Arabian or Berber tribes which wandered in this territory. The poor families of these nomads possessed four to six camels, the middle-class, fifteen and the rich ones, hundreds of them. The only people who were no nomads were the IMRAGAREN, a tribe engaged in fishery. Nevertheless, the IMRAGAREN left their territory due to a great competition and lack of possibilities. 
In June 1912, the French unity pulled down the town of Smara. The library, which contained 5000 important books, was completely destroyed. 

During the seventies, the earlier inhabitants of the territory of Smara, together with part of the nomad tribes and tribe federations, grouped around the Frente Polisario, founded in 1973 by Ouali Mustapha Sayed and clearly structured around a proper organisation. 
Before the occupation of December 1975, the town and the territory of Smara had 7.295 inhabitants. After the skirmishes and heavy fights of 1975 in and around the territory, the town Smara and the territory were occupied by Moroccan troops. In December 1975, about 175 people, which had flown South, away from the occupation, froze to death in the Desert or died from starvation. 
The occupation involved many executions…. 

On February the 2nd 1976, Olaf Rydbeeck, Swedish Ambassador to the United Nations, visited Madrid, Rabat, the area of the phosphate mines and Smara, as a special delegate to the Secretary general of the UN. During this visit, labourers organised protest strikes against the exploitation of these mines done by France, western Germany and Spain since 1963. 
At the same time, demonstrations for independence were held in Smara. Many of the labourers and demonstrators were arrested and tortured. 

The people of Smara, as well by descent as by means of their proper frontiers, can base themselves on three assumptions: 
- The existence of an expulsed people.
- The existence of a proper, localised territory: Smara and its surroundings. 
- A political identity.
This is called an extraterritorial and intraterritorial State. 

Having by descent a proper sovereign independent government which is not subjected to the powers of others, in which part of the Nomads are taking part, grouped around the Frente Polisario and structured as one people which distinguishes itself by the originality of its political organisation, based on the Islamic law of free choice for each one of the people of Smara without leaving behind its own identity, as a free country. If the so-called “Saharaoui” would recognise and let know themselves as the people of Smara, they would have the right under certain conditions, to take part in the phosphate, oil and other  exploitation, in co-operation with the international business. 
The natural expansion of its inhabitants would involve the necessity in the future to peacefully fill in the emptiness of the Western Sahara, and perhaps - where this would be necessary for the population – the take over of the entire exploitation of the phosphate mines and oil winning, step by step. 

This cannot mean any danger for the Judaistic World Order through the free market, nor can they become the toy of the fundamental Islamic Jihad. 
It would, on the contrary, mean a real possibility for peace and development for this exhausted people. 
The United Nations would prove their wisdom and devote their energy to this realisation, giving peace to Smara, living in respect and friendship with their neighbours Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania and the universal, radiating Sea-town Lasoberana.