thliff;Ff; fUg;igfs;
"Foe;ij ngw;Wj;jUtjw;F thlifj; jha; Njit"
Foe;ijapy;yhj jk;gjpfSf;F xU Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wj;juf;$ba ,e;j kdpjhgpkhd Nritf;F: jpUkzkhd> Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Neha;fis vJTNkapy;yhj> MNuhf;fpakhd ngz;fs; tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
kUj;Jtg; ghprPypg;gpy; jhq;fs; jhahfj; jFjpahdtH vd milahsk; fhzg;gLk;gl;rj;jpy; ,e;jr; Nritf;fhd Ntjdk; Nehpy; Ngrp epHzapf;fg;gLk;.
mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspNyNa thjg; gpujpthjq;fSld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,e;j tpsk;guq;fs; ,g;NghJ jkpofj;Jr; nra;jp ehNsLfspYk; ,lk;ngw Muk;gpj;Js;sd.
fUtiwapy; cs;s NfhshWfspdhy; Foe;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj NtnwhU ngz;Zf;fhf> me;jj; jk;gjpfspd; capuZf;fisj; jdJ fUtiwapy; gj;J khjk; rke;J Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;Jtpl;Lg; NghFk; ngz;izNa kUj;Jt cyF "thlifj; jha;"
(Surrogate mother) vd miof;fpwJ.cyfpd; KjyhtJ Nrhjidf; Foha;f; Foe;ij 1978,y; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; gpwe;jNghJ cyfk;G+uhTk; cs;s Foe;ijapy;yhj jk;gjpfs; midtUNk ,e;j kUj;Jt mw;Gjj;ijf; Nfl;Lf; fspg;gile;jhHfs;. xOf;fnewp> mwnewp rhHe;j gy tpdhf;fisj; jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; gy kUj;Jt tpe;ijfspd; rfhg;jj;jpw;F ,r; Nrhjidf; Fha;f; fUj;jhpg;G mg;NghNj fl;bak; $wptpl;lJ.
jpUkzkhd xt;nthU jk;gjpAk; jq;fs; fuq;fspy; Kjd;Kjyhf mtHfSila ,sk;gpQ;R jtOk; ed;ehis> KuR fopj;J Kj;Jg;gy; fpsk;Gk; ehis> koiyg; Ngr;rpy; nrtp eidAk; ehl;fis> mjd; jspH eilia> fw;W - tsHe;J- nghpjhfp mLj;j re;jjpf;Ff; fpis gug;Gk; ,dpa tre;j tUlq;fis vjpHghHj;Jf; fhj;jpUg;ghHfs;. Mdhy; vy;NyhUf;Fkh ,e;jf; fdT epiwNtwp tpLfpwJ? JujpU\;ltrkhf mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fk; mg;ghYs;s rpy fhuzq;fspdhy; Vuhskhd jk;gjpfshy; ,e;j ,dpa mDgtq;fisg; ngw Kbahky; Ngha; tpLfpwJ.
Vuhskhd FLk;gq;fspy; Foe;ijfapd;ik kz tho;f;ifapd; KO Nehf;fj;ijANk rpjwbj;J tpLfpwJ. G+hpg;gpd; xl;Lnkhj;j cUtkhd Foe;ij fpilf;fj; jtwpaJk; ngUk; G+fk;gNk mq;F epfo;e;J tpLfpwJ. Foe;ijapy;iy vd;w NtjidAld; r%fj;jpd; Nfs;tpf;fizfSk; ,tHfisg; ghlha;g;gLj;JfpwJ. ,jpy; Mz;fis tpl mjpfk; mtjpg;gLtJ ngz;fs; jhd;. NfhshW Mz;fsplk; ,Ug;gpDk; ngz;fNs "xU GO G+r;rpf;Fj; jhahf Kbahj kyL" vd;w tpkHrdj;ij vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. cr;rfl;lkhf> gy FLk;gq;fspy; ,uz;lhtJ jpUkzj;ij ehbr; nry;Yk; fztuhy; filrpapy; epuhjtuhf;fg;gl;Lk; tpLfpwhHfs;.
Foe;ijapy;yhj jk;gjpfspy; fzprkhd gFjpapdH ,g;NghJ> jkJ kyl;Lj;jd;ikiaf; fisAk; ,dg;ngUf;fj; njhopy;El;g cjtpfis (Assisted Reproductive Technology- ART)ehbr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. fUKl;iliag; ngz;zpd; clYf;F ntspNa vLj;J Mzpd; tpe;Jld; fUf;fl;l itj;J> ,jdhy; cz;lhFk; Kisaj;ijg; ngz;zpd; fUg;igapy; gjpa itj;Jf; Foe;ijia cUthf;Fk; Nrhjidf; Foha; Kiw ,g;NghJ rHt rhjhuzkhfptpl;lJ. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf> Kl;ilia cUthf;f Kbahj ngz; ,d;ndhU ngz;zplk; Kl;ilia thq;fTk; KbAk;. mNjNghy tpe;J tq;fpapy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpe;ijg; ngWtJ $l eilKiwf;F te;Jtpl;lJ. ,e;jj; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; mLj;j fl;lk;jhd; thlif mk;khf;fspd; %yk; Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;.
khje;NjhWk; tskhd Kl;ilia cUthf;f Kbe;Jk;> fUg;igf; NfhshWfshy; Foe;ijiar; Rkf;f Kbahky; thLk; ngz;fSf;F ,e;jj; njhopy;El;gk; ,Wff; if nfhLf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa ngz; xUthpd; Kl;iliaAk; mtuJ fzthpd; czpuZitAk; nraw;ifahf ,izr; nra;J ,d;ndhU ngz;zpd; fUg;igapy; nghUj;jp mq;Nf Foe;ijahf tsur; nra;Ak; thlifj; jha;Kiwapy; Foe;ijfis cUthf;Fk; mikg;G xd;W
(The Centre for surrogate Parenting) 1986,y; ,Ue;J ,Jtiu gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Foe;ijfis> Foe;ijapy;yhj jk;gjpfSf;fhf cUthf;fpf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. Foe;ij xd;iw,e;j Kiwapy;cUthf;f Kisaj;ijg; gjpa itf;Fk; kUj;Jtr; nryTf;Fk;> Foe;ijiar; Rkf;Fk; thlifj; jha;f;Fk; chpa nryTk; Mf mnkhpf;fhtpy; nkhj;jk; 50>000 mnkhpf;f lhyHfs; nrythfpwJ vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.,q;fpyhe;jpd; Nrhjidf;Foha; Foe;ij cUthf;fg;gl;L rhpahf fl;L tUlq;fspd; gpd;dNu 1980fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; Kk;igapy; Kjy; Nrhjidf;Foha; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. gpw ehLfSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,e;jphtpy; ,J khjphpahd Foe;ijNgw;Wf;F MFk; nryT Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhYk; mq;F rpfpr;irf;fhf gjpT nra;Jtpl;L kpf epz;l fhyk; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bapUg;gjhYk; cyfpd; ftdk; ,e;jpahtpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpAs;sj. ,Ue;Jk; 1990,y; nlhf;lH fkyh nry;tuh[; (,tH gok;ngUk; ebfH n[kpdp fNzrdpd; kfs;) nrd;idapYs;s jdJ [.[p.kUj;Jtkidapy; ,aq;Fk; fUj;jhpg;G Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ Nrhjidf;Foha; Foe;ijia ntw;wpfukhf cUthf;fpf; fhl;ba gpd;dh jhd; cyfk; G+uhTk; cs;s Foe;ijapyhj jkpoHfSf;F ,e;j njhopy;El;ggj;jpy; mjpf ehl;lk; Vw;gl;bf;fpwJ. njd;dpe;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ Nrhjidf; Foha; Foe;ijia cUthf;fpatH vd;w ngUikia Kjd;Kiwahf (1994) ,e;jpahtpNyNa thlifj; jha; %yk; Foe;ijia cUthf;fpatH vd;fpw ngUikAk; ,tUf;fpUf;fpwJ.
thlifj;jha; %yk; Foe;ijia ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij jkpoHfs; ve;j msTf;F Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhHfs; vd;fpw Nfs;tpia "r%fk; gw;wpa rpy jaf;fq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; tuyhk; ,Ue;Jk; xU Foe;ijf;Fj; jhahtjw;F ngUk;ghYk; ve;j rpfpr;irf;Fk; jahuhfNt tUfpd;whHfs;. Foe;ijapd'; ghuk;ghpaj;ij mij Rkf;Fk; thlifj; jha; ve;j tifapYk; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. Kl;ilia nfhLj;jtNu cz;ikahd caphpay; jha; vd;gjhy; jk;gjpfs; jug;gpy; ,e;j Kiwf;F kWg;gpy;iy Mdhy; Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F thlifj; jhia xOq;F nra;tJ jhd; kpff; fbdkhd xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ." vd;fpwhH lhf;lH fkyh nry;tuh[;. ,J cz;ikapy;yhkYkpy;iy. ,e;jpah Nghd;w IjPfj;jhy; fl;Lz;l %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; ekJ md;whl tho;f;ifapy; r%f rka fhuzpfs; tfpf;Fk; gq;F goikapypUe;J GJikf;F jpUk;GtJ rthyhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. thlifj; jha; Njitnad;W rkPgj;jpy; [p.[p.kUj;Jtkid ntspapl;l tpsk;guj;jpw;F kpff; Fiwthd ngz;fNs tpz;zg;gpj;Js;sdH. fhj;jpUg;Nghiu <Lfl;l ,J NghJkhdjy;y. Foe;ij Njitg;gLk; ngz;Zf;F mtuJ jhahNuh my;yJ rNfhjupfNsh my;yJ ez;gHfNshjhd; ,k;Kiwapy; khw;Wj;jhahf Kjypy; cjt KbAk; kfSf;fhf kfspd; Foe;;ijia jha; Rkf;f gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; jhapd; taJ xU jilahfp tpLfpwJ. thlifj; jhahf kdpjhgpkhdj;Jld; cjt Kd; tUfpd;w ngz;fspd; cwtpdHfSk; ngz;fspd; cwptdHfSk; ,jw;F rk;kjk; toq;fNtz;LNk? jpUkzk; MfhjtHfs; ,jpy; <Lgl;lhy; gpd;dhspy; mtHfspd; jpUkzk; jilg;glTk; tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. cwT - elG tl;lj;jpw;F ntspNa ,u;eJ tUfpd;w ngz;fisg; ngUk;ghYk; gzj;jpd; NjitNa ,jw;F epHg;ge;jpf;fpwJ. fztdhy; iftplg;gl;l Mjtutw;w ngz;kzp xUtH thlifj;jahfp [p.[p. kUj;Jtkidapy; xNu Kiwapy; 3 Foe;ijfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhH. nrd;idapy; Mff; Fiwe;jJ 1 ,yl;rk; &gha; tiuapy; thlifj;jha;f;F tpiy Ngrg;gLfpwJ.
thlifj;jha; if$ba gpd;dUk; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. thlifj;jha;khHfs; midtuplKk; fU jq;fptpLtJk; ,y;iy. gyUf;Fk; fU rpijTf;F MshfptpLfpwJ. cz;ikapy; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F Jiz nra;Ak; ,J Nghd;w njhopy;El;g Kiwfs; vy;yhtw;wpYNk ntw;wp tha;g;G vd;gJ gupR rPl;Lf;fspy; fpilf;Fk; mjp];lj;ijg; Nghd;wNj. gpur;rid ,jDld; jPUtjha; ,y;iy. mnkupf;fhtpy; rl;luPjpahd xg;ge;jq;fspdhy; ,k;Kiw epu;tfpf;fg;gl;l NghJk; Foe;ij gpwe;jJk; thlifj;jha;khHfs; mij cupatHfsplk; xg;gilf;f kWj;j cjhuzq;fSk; cz;L. Fwpg;ghf jha;ik mile;jpUf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; cstpay; hPjpyhd mOj;jq;fs; Foe;ijiag; gpuptij kWf;f itf;fpwJ. ,jdhNyNa rkPgfhykhf ,J ngz;zpathjpfspdJk; cstpay; - rl;l ty;YdHfspdJk; ftdj;ij <Hf;fj;njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
jd;Dila tpe;ijf; nfhz;L Foe;ij cUthf;f ngz;nzhUtupd; cliy thliff;F vLg;gjd; %yk; ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Mz; fbthsk; NghLtjhfNt ngz;zpiythjpfs; thlifj;jha;ik gw;wp
(Surrogate mother) fUj;J njuptpj;Js;sdH. thliff;F Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; Foe;ijia tpw;gjw;F rkkhdJ vd;Wk;> ,J gzf;fhu jk;gjpfs; Vio ngz;fis Raeyj;jpw;fhf cgNahfpf;f toptFj;J tpLfpwJ vd;gJk; ,tHfsJ fUj;jhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ngz;zpd; Foe;ijg; Ngw;iw kwnwhU tHj;jf cw;gj;jpf;Fupa nraw;ghL Nghd;W fUjpdhy; jha; rupahfTk; rPuhfTk; jdJ Foe;ijAld; cUthf;fp itj;jpUf;Fk; mg+u;tkhd czu;rprpkakhd gpizg;Gf;Fk; gq;fk; Vw;gl;ltpLk; vd;gJ cstpay; ty;YdHfspd; Fuyhf ,Uf;fpwJ. r%ftpayhsHfNsh> thliff; fUj;jupg;G KiwahdJ mehijfisj; jj;njLf;Fk; tha;g;igf; Fiwg;gjhf fUJfpd;wdH.Mdhy; "thliffUj;jupg;G Kiw ngUk; tpahghukhf khwpapUf;Fk; mnkupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,J rpy gpur;ridfis fpsg;gpapUf;yhk;. ,Ue;jhYk; Ntnwe;j KiwapNyDk; xU Foe;ijiag; ngwWf; nfhs;s Kbahj fUg;ig FiwghLila ngz;fSf;F Foe;ij xd;iwj; jUtjw;F ,ijtpl NtW vd;d jPu;T ,Uf;fpwJ? mwptpay; Afj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ehk; czu;r;rpg+Htkhf gpur;ridfis mZfhky; mwpTg+u;tkhfr; rpe;jpf;fyhNk?" vd;W Nfl;fpwhH lhf;lH fkyh nry;tuh[;.
ngh.Iq;fuNerd;
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