1999
- at
the end of the century (with apologies to purists) and -
~ 50
years since EDSAC ~
(which
was the first operational electronic computer after ENIAC) -
"the
net" stage of electronic communication is still in a sense in it's
infancy.
It
is only recently (the last several years) that computerised and
electronic
communication has begun to be used by a sizeable
percentage
of the world's population.

So
- for perspective I have included some notes, and references
(for
those who would like to dig deeper),
on
earlier electronics developments.
[skip
prehistory]
In the Beginning...

1943 - Colossus
1943
saw the first operational electronic digital computer; Colossus,
built by Alan Turing and others for the British govt., in order to break
the code on ENIGMA
messages sent by the Germans. But the Brits kept it classified for
30 years which made it basically a dead end in research and development...
a shame.
Meanwhile
things were happening for John Mauchley and his graduate student and eventual
partner JP Eckert. They completed ENIAC
in 1946 - a little late for it's wartime purpose. ENIAC led others
to build, and Maurice Wilks fired up EDSAC2*
in
1949 (University of Cambridge). The Rand Corporation produced JOHNIAC,
UI the ILLIAC, Los Alamos Labs the MANIAC, and in Israel the Weizmann Institue
came up with the WEIZAC.1
*2(Ref
by Eric Lewis, Eric.Lewis@bristol.ac.uk)
1944 - Obsolescence
-
- is
something we are used to today, we even expect it. But it's not new.
After
having to spend hours doing calculations by hand,
Howard
Aiken, a Harvard student, took Charles Babbages' ideas and built
out
of relays his computer - Mark I, completed in 1944.
It
had 72 words of 23 decimal digits each, and an instruction time of 6 seconds.
But
by the time Aiken had completed it's successor - the Mark II - relay
computers
were obsolete.
The Electronics Era had begun.*1
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