***{Below is Page: 65 }***
Chapter Three
{See Comment 65-1}
The Homosexual Roots of Fascism
Another area of history we must explore in order to under-
stand the Nazis is the origin of fascism and national socialist ide-
ology. Once again we find a high correlation between homosexu-
ality and the development of a mode of thinking which we iden-
tify with Nazism. In his 1964 work, Varieties of Fascism, histo-
rian Eugen Weber traced "the pattern of the planned totalitarian
state back to Plato's Republic and the Fascist mentality to the
turbulent, unscrupulous Calicles who appears in another Platonic
dialogue, Gorgias" (Weber: 11).
*** {start comment 65-1}
Weber didn't "trace" fascism back to Plato.
He's trying to show that the origins of National
Socialism can't be so easily traced. He mentions
Spengler's attempt to trace the modern Socialist
state to ideas of Frederick the Great, and F. L.
Schumann's idea that National Socialism came from
German Romantics such as Friedrich List and
Ferdinand Lassalle. Weber is saying if you're
going to try to blame them, "It is equally
possible to trace the pattern of the planned
totalitarian society back to Plato's Republic and
the Fascist mentality to the turbulent,
unscrupulous Callicles who appears in another
Platonic dialogue, Gorgias." Weber is writing with
irony, to show the absurdity of these attempts.
Either the Pink Swastika author misunderstands
Weber, or he is deliberately distorting what he
says to try to pin totalitarianism and fascism on
the "homosexual" Greeks.
*** {end comment 65-1}
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So here we begin. The inspiration for the fascist state comes
from Plato, the outspoken pederast and male supremacist of an-
cient Greece. Plato is revered as the preeminent classical phi-
losopher, though few today are aware that he advocated man/boy
sex. A prototypical statement by the philosopher is recorded in
George Grant's Legislating Immorality: "Through the nightly lov-
ing of boys, a man, on arising, begins to see the authentic nature
of true beauty" (Grant, 1993:24). Voltaire once remarked of the
propensity of classical philosophers, "Once, a philosopher, twice,
a sodomite!" (ibid.:28). Plato's Republic is his best known work.
The following is a summary of the Republic from W.K.C. Guthrie's
A History of Greek Philosophy:
***{Below is Page: 66 }***
The Republic (c.370 BC) advances many of Plato's
principal ideas, notably those concerned with gov-
ernment and justice. Composed as a debate be-
tween Socrates and five other speakers, The Re-
public is best known for its description of the ideal
state (based on Sparta), which Plato argues should
be ruled by philosopher-kings (Guthrie in Grolier).
As we have noted, the Spartan society was dominated by a
pederastic warrior cult that featured mandatory induction of
twelve-year-old boys into homosexual partnerships with adult men.
Like all such cults, the Spartan military was rigidly hierarchical
and elitist. Plato's concept of the "philosopher-king" is that of an
autocratic leader appropriate to such a culture. The philosopher-
king rules over a kind of fascist utopia. Interestingly, Plato's ide-
alized society in the Republic includes the elimination of the fam-
ily as a social unit (Cantarella:59). It should be noted here, how-
ever, that Plato reversed himself in later years on the issue. His
last work, the Laws, asserted the value of the family and the moral
wrongness of homosexuality (Laws: 841A-841D).
{See Comment 66-1, -- text is below comment}
*** {start comment 66-1}
The comment below on Weber is a distortion.
Weber's not claiming that Frederick the Great had
anything to do with National Socialism. Quite the
contrary, it's Oswald Spengler who mentioned
Frederick as forming a prototype of the modern
Socialist state, and Weber tries to show how
futile these attempts at showing a chain of
causation are.
*** {end comment 66-1}
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{See Comment 66-1 above}
The next figure cited by Weber in the historic development of
National Socialism is Frederick the Great (1712-1786) "founder
of the perfect Prussian bureaucracy" (Weber: 11). Frederick clearly
fit Plato's description of a philosopher-king. He established a
strict military order and used his elite forces to great advantage,
expanding his Prussian empire through ruthless lightning strikes
against neighboring countries. He was also a homosexual, and,
coincidentally, one of Adolf Hitler's greatest heroes (Waite,
1977:112). Historian Noel L. Garde writes,
Frederick's homosexual inclinations, of which Lt.
Katte in his youth was the principle {sic} object, were
attested by many authorities, notably Voltaire and
Frederick himself... The other young men besides
Katte were... Baron Frederick Trenck, Count
***{Below is Page: 67 }***
Keyserlingk, Count Goerz and an Italian named
Barbarini (Garde:448).
in recent years Frederick has been praised as a model of so-
cial liberalism and humanitarianism. Another side of this man,
however, explains the attraction of Hitler and the Nazis to him.
Igra describes him:
Frederick hated women, as such. Die Frau was
always a Schimpfwort, an expression of contempt,
with him...Though he felt obliged by reason of his
position to have a queen, which involved the ne-
cessity of getting married, Frederick never lived a
husband's life. And though [Martin] Luther's Re-
form inculcated the marriage of the clergy, with a
view to stamping out the vices that had character-
ized celibacy in Germany, and though the same
injunction logically applies to soldiers, Frederick
forced the majority of his officers to remain
unmarried... In his armies he revived the vices of
the Teutonic Knights and the Templars. Frederick
is rightly looked upon as the founder of modern
German militarism, not merely as state policy but
as a worship of destruction for its own sake. He
despised humanity in general and looked on hu-
man life, even his own life, as a bagatelle. He con-
stantly carried a phial of poison on his person so
that he might put an end to his own life at any
moment he considered opportune (Igra: 18f.)
{See Comment 67-1}
The National Socialist brand of fascism began in the mid-1800's
with the German socialist leader Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of
the radical Universal German Workingmen's Association (UGWA)
(Weber: 11). Lassalle is remembered for his political rehabilita-
tion of the notorious pederast, Jean Baptiste von Schweitzer, af-
ter the Social Democrat Party had expelled him. Schweitzer was
*** {start comment 67-1}
Another misstatement of material from Weber.
He doesn't say Lassalle was a founder of National
Socialism, he says that another author makes that
claim. And in this section Weber is showing that
different authors claim different and origins for
the movement. Weber's trying to show that these
conflicting theories are wrong, he's certainly not
supporting them.
*** {end comment 67-1}
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***{Below is Page: 68 }***
a talented lawyer who, in 1862, had become editor of the main
{See Comment 68-1}
periodical of the German socialist movement, Sozialdemokrat. In
August of that year, two elderly ladies, enjoying a quiet stroll in a
public park in Mannheim, accidentally came upon Schweitzer and
a school-boy. Schweitzer was sodomizing the boy in the bushes.
He was arrested, given two weeks in jail, and disbarred
(Steakley: 1ff).
The Social Democrats disowned Schweitzer, but only one year
later Lassalle took Schweitzer under his wing (J. Katz:567n.),
stating that a person's sexual tastes had "absolutely nothing to do
with a man's political character" (Linsert: 178). Schweitzer be-
came president of the UGWA in 1867, and on September 7 of that
year was elected to the Reichstag (parliament) of the North Ger-
man Confederation (Steakley: 1ff).
*** {start comment 68-1}
The above is somewhat misleading. Steakley
says the ladies found "Schweitzer and an
unidentified young man in a highly compromising
situation." Steakley includes a quote from another
socialist, August Bebel, who wrote fifty years
after the event that it was a "school-age boy."
Neither Steakley nor Bebel used the term
"sodomize," and it is most likely that fellatio,
not anal intercourse would have been involved.
(Heterosexual school boys are not likely to
volunteer for anal intercourse anywhere, let alone
in bushes, but being fellated would be quite
appealing to many.)
Lassalle didn't found his group until 1863,
one year later. When Schweitzer attempted to join
the Frankfurt chapter, members contested his
acceptability, but Lassalle intervened, saying to
him "Assuming that what the newspapers said at the
time about the reason for your conviction was
true, I know one thing: the regrettable and, in my
taste, incomprehensible inclination imputed to you
is one of those trespasses which have absolutely
nothing to do with a man's political character.
Such a reaction toward a man of your character and
intelligence proves only how confused and
philistine the political concepts of our people
still are...."
*** {end comment 68-1}
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Frederich {sic} Nietzsche
{See Comment 68-2}
Among the several men who have been dubbed "the Father of
National Socialism" (including Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels),
Frederich {sic} Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) is probably most de-
serving of this distinction, being so labeled by Nazi luminaries Dr.
Alfred Rosenberg and Dr. Franck (Peters:221). Others have called
him the "Father of Fascism" (ibid. :ix). Rabidly anti-Christian and
a homosexual, Nietzsche founded the "God is dead" movement
and contributed to the development of existentialist philosophy.
Nietzsche's publisher, Peter Gast, called Nietzsche "one of the
fiercest anti-Christians and atheists," and described his book, The
Antichrist, as a "ferocious curse" on Christianity (ibid.: 119).
Nietzsche called Christianity and democracy the moralities of the
"weak herd," and argued for the "natural aristocracy" of the
uebermensch or Superman, whose "will to power" was grounded
in the material world (Wren in Grolier).
*** {start comment 68-2}
It should be clarified that Peters doesn't
consider Nietzsche the "Father of Fascism." Peters
says (page ix), "Volumes have been written about
Nietzsche. He has been hailed as the herald of a
new dawn of consciousness and cursed as the father
of fascism." It is said that the Nazis
misunderstood Nietzsche's work and were wrong in
claiming him as their inspiration, though they
were aided in this myth by Nietzsche's
unscrupulous sister. MacIntyre says of Nietzsche,
on page 188 of his book, "His works do not support
Nazism, or anything like it, and Nietzsche
himself, I feel certain, would have looked with
horror on what was done in his name. He opposed
German nationalism and every mass movement; he
distrusted ideologues; and he loathed anti-
Semitism.
There's nothing in Peters to suggest
Nietzsche was homosexual, and he says the
Freud/Jung story about his visiting a male brothel
is just an unsubstantiated rumor. Indeed, Peters
offers incidents suggestive of heterosexuality.
*** {end comment 68-2}
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{See Comment 69-1}
According to Macintyre in Forgotten Fatherland: The Search
For Elisabeth Nietzsche, Frederich {sic} Nietzsche never married, had
no known female sex partners, but went insane at age 44 and
***{Below is Page: 69 }***
eventually died of syphilis. According to Sigmund Freud and Carl
Jung, Nietzsche had caught the disease at a homosexual brothel
in Genoa, Italy (Mclntyre:91f.). Nietzsche's unflattering opinion
of women was widely known. His works were "peppered with
attacks against women," and, like the pederasts of the Commu-
nity of the Special, he relegated women to the role of breeders
and sexual slaves. Men, on the other hand were to be bred for
war (Agonito:265f.).
*** {start comment 69-1}
The material allegedly cited from MacIntyre
is outright fabrication. MacIntyre says noting
about Nietzsche having no known female sex
partners. He does speak on page 108, of
Nietzsche's desire for a woman. As for marriage,
it must be remembered that Nietzsche contracted
syphilis when he was only 22, and was thereafter
hardly a good candidate for husband. The mention
of Freud and Jung is really deceptive. What
MacIntyre actually says is, "He had certainly
visited a brothel in cologne in 1865, but had been
embarrassed and played the piano to cover his
shame before fleeing into the night. Thomas Mann
believed he later went back to the brothel; Freud
and Jung helped to spread a rumour that he had
caught the disease in a Genoese male brothel, for
which there is no evidence." It should be noted
that the Columbia Encyclopedia mentions a nerve
disease, but not syphilis, and that his sister
denied he ever had the disease, though he thought
he had it. An acquaintance denied that he ever
even had sex, but Nietzsche was educated enough
that he wouldn't have thought he had syphilis
unless he had sex. His sister's denial can be seen
as part of her self-serving campaign to uphold her
brother's image and income from his writings.
*** {end comment 69-1}
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One of Nietzsche's closest friends and another hero of Adolf
Hitler was Richard Wagner, the composer Wagner was the sub-
ject of a 1903 book by Hans Fuchs called Richard Wagner und
die Homosexua1itat ("Richard Wagner and Homosexuality") in
which Fuchs recommends art as a means for homosexual emanci-
pation (Oosterhuis and Kennedy :86).
{See Comment 69-2}
Nietzsche's philosophy was grounded in Greek and Roman
paganism, and in his writings he called for "a new Caesar to trans-
form the world" (Peters:viii). Years later, Nietzsche's sister and
chief proponent, Elisabeth, would enthusiastically dub Hitler the
"Superman" her brother had predicted (ibid. :220). Indeed,
Elisabeth's adulation of Hitler was returned by the Fuehrer. Hitler
and the Nazis were indebted to Nietzsche for his contribution to
German nationalism. "It is not too much to say," writes historian
George Lichtheim, "that but for Nietzsche the SS-- Hitler's shock
troops and the core of the whole movement -- would have lacked
the inspiration to carry our their programs of mass murder in East-
ern Europe" (McIntyre {sic}: 187). And W. Cleon Skousen writes that
when "Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, it was as though Nietzsche was
speaking from the dead" (Skousen:348).
*** {start comment 69-2}
Whatever Lichtheim might say, MacIntyre says
this of Nietzsche on page 188: "His works do not
support Nazism, or anything like it, and Nietzsche
himself, I feel certain, would have looked with
horror on what was done in his name. He opposed
German nationalism and every mass movement; he
distrusted ideologues; and he loathed anti-
Semitism."
*** {end comment 69-2}
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Nietzsche's importance to Nazism is immeasurable. His most
celebrated book, Also Sprach Zarathustra, ("Thus Spake
Zarathustra") was considered the "bible" of the Hitler Youth and
was "enshrined with Hitler's Mein Kampf and Alfred Rosenberg's
Myth of the Twentieth Century -- in the vault of the Tannenberg
Memorial, which had been erected to commemorate Germany's
victory over Russia in the First World War" (Peters:221). Hitler
and the Nazis often used Nietzschean phrases such as "will to
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power," "live dangerously," and "Superman," but more signifi-
cantly, Nietzsche became a hero to the masses as well.
German intellectuals canonized Nietzsche through the
media of the day. Peters writes that
Germany's intellectual elite, including poets like
Stefan George and writers like Thomas Mann, saw
in Nietzsche's "aristocratic radicalism" an answer
to the decadent democratic ideals of the West.
Fervent young men and women met for ritualistic
readings from Zarathustra. Hymns were composed
to celebrate the new religion, and by the time the
body of the sick philosopher was finally put to rest,
he was proclaimed a saint (Peters:ix).
The Cultural Elites
{See Comment 70-1}
Who were these "intellectuals" who popularized Nietzschean
fascism in Germany? Stefan George, one of Germany's most popu-
lar poets of the time, was a pederast and "a guiding example" to
the Community of the Special. "George and his disciples," writes
Oosterhuis and Kennedy, "...revivified Holderlin's concept
Griechendeutschen (Hellenic Germans), [and] contrasted in their
poetry and lifestyle the 'eternal spring of homoerotic friendship'
from the family" (Oosterhuis and Kennedy:91). In 1903, George
became infatuated with a 15-year-old boy and made him a figure
of worship in a 1907 book called Der siebente Ring (The Seventh
Ring). His last book, Das neue Reich ("The New Kingdom"),
published in 1928, "prophesied an era in which Germany would
become a new Greece" (Miles in Grolier). In 1933, when Hitler
came to power, he appointed George as President of the Nazi
Academy of Letters (a post which he turned down) (Mosse:60).
*** {start comment 70-1}
Mosse states that "Men as diverse as
Friedrich Gundolf, the literary scholar at
Heidelberg, of Jewish descent, and Werner von
Stauffenberg, who in 1944 was to make an
unsuccessful attempt on Hitler's life, were among
George's disciples. But so was Ernst Bertram, the
philosopher, who collaborated with the Nazis.
George himself died in 1933 in self-imposed exile
from the Third Reich, sending his refusal to serve
as president of Goebbels's Academy of Letters
through a Jewish disciple."
Thomas Mann (see below) did nothing to
popularize Nietzschean fascism. What he does have
in common with George was his flight from Germany
after Hitler took power, and his tolerant attitude
toward Jews, such as the woman he married.
Despite the Pink Swastika author's attempts
to link homosexuality and Nazism, the fact is that
leading figures such as Mann and George would have
nothing to do with Nazism and its anti-Semitism,
one taking a Jew as his wife, and the other
delivering to the Nazis the ultimate insult of
choosing a Jew to communicate with them.
*** {end comment 70-1}
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Among other works, Thomas Mann is famous for a 1912 no-
vella called Der Tod in Venedig ("A Death in Venice"), in which
"an aging writer risks life and reputation in his attempts to gaze
***{Below is Page: 71 }***
on the Apollonian beauty of the 14-year-old Tadzio" (Reiter in
Grolier). Homosexualist historian A.L. Rowse called this novella
"the most publicized homosexual story of the century"
(Rowse:2!2). Mann was married and had several children, two
of whom became homosexuals.
{See Comment 71-1}
Nietzsche's influence extended beyond the German border
Gabriele D'Annunzio, a playwright and the founder of fascism in
Italy (N. Jones: l00f.), was strongly impacted by Nietzschean phi-
losophy (Pacifici in Grolier). D'Annunzio, while famous for his
affairs with aristocratic and celebrated women in Italy, may have
also had homosexual inclinations. One of his plays, called Spring's
Awakening, featured a cast of school-boys whom he "allowed to
experience all forms of sexuality ...[including] homosexual
lovemaking between the boys" (Mosse:6l). D'Annunzio's suc-
cessor, Benito Mussolini, acknowledged a debt of gratitude to
Nietzsche as well (Peters:2l2).
*** {start comment 71-1}
The above shows unbelievable confusion on the
part of the Pink Swastika author, but it typifies
the sloppy level of his "research." As Mosse quite
clearly says, the play Spring's Awakening was
written by Wedekind, not D'Annunzio -- it's title
is German, Fruehling's Erwachen.
Unbelievably sloppy scholarship, evidenced by
an inability to keep straight information in two
adjacent paragraphs, has led the Pink Swastika
author to use a play actually written by Wedekind
as the basis for insinuations that D'Annunzio
might have engaged harbored homosexual
"inclinations."
It should be noted that in Wedekind's play
the boys also engaged in masturbation and
promiscuous heterosexual activity.
*** {end comment 71-1}
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Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth, figured prominently in pre-Nazi
and Nazi Germany. After Nietzsche's death in 1900, she assumed
control of his estate and relentlessly promoted her brother's writ-
ings, establishing the Nietzsche Archives. During the Weimar
Republic the Archives became "the center of a powerful counter-
revolutionary current" of German nationalism (ibid. :206). At one
point Nietzsche's followers wanted to build a Nietzsche Temple,
complete with statues of Apollo and Dionysos (ibid.:200). While
the temple was never built, Adolf Hitler himself commissioned a
shrine to Nietzsche, a memorial auditorium and library "where
German youth could be taught Nietzsche's doctrine of a master
race" (ibid.:222). The Friedrich Nietzsche zum Gedachiniserbaut {sic}
("Frederich Nietzsche Memorial Building") was opened in Au-
gust of 1938 (McIntyre:l92).
An interesting aside to this story is the fact that in 1886
Elisabeth Nietzsche and her husband founded a colony in Para-
guay, South America called Nueva Germania ("New Germany").
After the fall of the Third Reich, Nueva Germania sheltered hun-
dreds of fleeing Nazi war criminals, including the infamous Dr.
Joseph Mengele (McIntyre {sic}:5,205ff.). Another interesting fact is
***{Below is Page: 72 }***
that Rudolf Steiner, who would later found the occultic
Anthrosophical Society, was briefly involved with Elisabeth in the
management of the Nietzsche Archives.
{Picture}
{Uniformed Nazi standing in front of doorway
festooned with garlands. Plaque above door
identifies it as Hitler's Nietzsche Memorial}
Adolf Hitler's Nietzsche Memorial opened in 1938
{Picture caption}
Frederich {sic} Nietzsche's influence on the Nazis is reflected in all
they did. "Become hard and show no mercy," Nietzsche taught,
"for evil is man's best force" (Peters:227). One wonders whether
history might have been different if Germany had been aware that
the writings of their fascist "genius" may have been influenced by
impaired brain function "caused by.. the tertiary phase of cerebral
syphilis" (ibid. :35). In 1902, a doctor by the name of P.J. Mobius
attempted to warn his countrymen "that they should beware of
Nietzsche, for his works were the products of a diseased brain"
(ibid.:184). Unfortunately for the world, Mobius's report was
squelched by Elisabeth and her powerful friends.
The attraction of fascism for homosexuals appears in the his-
tory of other countries as well. As we noted earlier, pro-Nazi
fascist organizations in both England and France were headed by
homosexuals. In England, the organization was called the Anglo-
***{Below is Page: 73 }***
German Fellowship, and was headed by British homosexuals Guy
Francis de Money Burgess, and Captain John Robert Macnamara.
{See Comment 73-1}
In France, the pro-Nazi fascists were represented by two groups,
the Radical Socialist Party headed by Edouard Pfeiffer, and the
French Popular Party headed by Jacques Doriot, both men were
homosexuals. (Costello:300ff.). Homosexualists John Lauritsen
and David Thorstad report that in the Soviet Union, homosexual-
ity became known as "the fascist perversion" during the 1930's.
They quote the Soviet intellectual, Maxim Gorky: "There is al-
ready a slogan in Germany, Eradicate the homosexual and fas-
cism will disappear'" (Lauritsen and Thorstad: 69).
Once again we see that the roots of Nazism are fundamentally
interrelated with the homosexuality of its philosophers. From Plato
to Frederick the Great to Nietzsche the common denominator is
homosexual behavior Certainly not every fascist was homosexual,
just as not every homosexual was fascist. But the glaring truth of
history is that homosexuals bore a disproportionately large share
of the responsibility for the rise of Nazism.
*** {start comment 73-1}
The alleged material from Costello is a
fabrication. Costello doesn't say that Pfeiffer
headed the Radical-Socialist Party, and he doesn't
say that Doriot was a homosexual. The Radical-
Socialist Party was headed by Edouard Daladier,
but Pfeiffer was at one time the party's secretary
general.
The above assertion that homosexuals were
"disproportionately" involved in the development
of fascism is similar to asserting that Jews were
"disproportionately" involved in the development
of Communism. In fact, there is more evidence to
support the latter assertion. The Pink Swastika
author has laid no foundation for asserting such a
disproportionate influence. Everything in The Pink
Swastika is selective and unrepresentative.
Heterosexual Benito Mussolini was the original
Fascist and had more influence on heterosexual
Hitler than anyone else or anything else. Many
German economic institutions and features of
government were copied from Mussolini's Italy. Yet
the Pink Swastika author says nothing of this.
The "glaring truth of history" is that
homosexuals can be blamed for the rise of Nazism
only by resorting to lies, as the Pink Swastika
author so frequently does.
*** {end comment 73-1}
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We have now looked at three separate and distinct realms of
pre-Nazi German society which contributed to the foundation and
success of the Nazi Party. In the German gay rights movement
we saw the pederastic origins of the Hellenic revival and its influ-
ence on the youth and Freikorps movements. We also saw how
the rift between the "Butch" and "Femme" factions of the homo-
sexual movement laid the groundwork for the mistreatment of
some homosexuals later in the Nazi regime.
In the realm of paganism we saw the importance of homo-
sexuality in occultism and the influence of occultism in the devel-
opment of Nazi thought. We have noted that many of the promi-
nent occultists who influenced the growth of Nazism were homo-
sexuals, and that a number of the early Nazis themselves were
both homosexuals and occultists. Finally, we have seen that ho-
mosexuals and pederasts were integral to the creation and devel-
opment of fascism and National Socialist philosophy.
Now that we have examined the relationship between homo-
sexuality and the aspects of German thought and culture which
***{Below is Page: 74 }***
led to the development of Nazism, we can begin to examine more
closely the formation and early years of the Nazi Party itself as
well as the individuals, including Hitler, who led the Nazi move-
ment.
{Picture}
{Marching youth with flags. The "boys" appear to
be in their late teens or older -- perhaps they
are leaders.}
Hitler Youth boys carry flags emblazened {sic} with swastikas and pagan symbols
YAD VASHEM
{Picture caption}
***{Below is Page: 75 }***
{Pictures}
{In the upper picture, a large group of SA are
posed on a wide staircase, Roehm and others in
front. The lower picture shows a group gathered
around a table at which Hitler and some others are
seated. }
The SA "Brownshirts" with Roehm (above) and with Hitler (below)
YAD VASHEM
{Picture caption}
***{Below is Page: 76 }***
{Picture}
{Face & chest of Himmler in uniform.}
SS Chief and Occultist Heinrich Himmler
YAD VASHEM
{Picture caption}
Continue to Chapter Four Return to Top of Table of Contents