Early dynastic period1st Dynasty(2920 - 2770) Menes (Aha) Iti (Neithhotep) Djer Wadj Den (Udimu) Anendjib Semerkhet Kaa 2nd Dynasty (2770 - 2650) Hetepsekhemwy Reneb Ninetjer Peribsen Khasekhemwy Old kingdom3rd DynastySanakhte (Nebka) 2650 - 2630 Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630 - 2611 Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) 2611 - 2603 Khaba 2603 - 2599 Huni 2599 - 2575 4th Dynasty Snofru 2575 - 2551 Khufu (Cheops) 2551 - 2528 Radjedef 2528 - 2520 Khafre (Chephren) 2520 - 2494 Menkaure (Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472 Shepseskaf 2472 - 2467 5th Dynasty Userkaf 2465 - 2458 Sahure 2458 - 2446 Neferirkare Kakai 2446 - 2426 Shepseskare Ini 2426 - 2419 Raneferef 2419 - 2416 Niuserre Izi 2416 - 2392 Menkauhor 2396 - 2388 Djedkare Izezi 2388 - 2356 Wenis 2356 - 2323 6th Dynasty Teti 2323 - 2291 Pepy I (Meryre) 2289 - 2255 Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2255 - 2246 Pepy II (Neferkare) 2246 - 2152 First intermediate periodThis was a time of turmoile and breakdown of centralized government, with many kings having overlapping reigns. At last Montuhotep established order from his capital at Thebes.7th and 8th Dynasties (2150 - 2135) Netrikare Menkare Neferkare II Neferkare III Djedkare II Neferkare IV Merenhor Menkamin I Nikare Neferkare V Neferkahor Neferkare VI Neferkamin II Ibi I Neferkaure Neferkauhor Neferirkare II Wadjkare Sekhemkare Iti Imhotep Isu Iytenu 9th and 10th Dynasties (2135 - 1986) Neferkare several kings named Kheti Meri-Hathor Merikare 11th Dynasty Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2074 - 2064 Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2064 - 2015 Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015 - 2007 Montuhotep II 2007 - 1986 Middle kingdomThis period is marked with foreign trade and enormous building projects. There is a refinement in the making of jewelry. Prosperity and renaissance existed for a long period of time, but eventually, internal problems became apparent.11th Dynasty Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986 - 1956 Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956 - 1944 Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944 - 1937 12th Dynasty Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) 1937 - 1908 Senwosret I (Kheperkare) 1917 - 1872 Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) 1875 - 1840 Senwosret II (Khakheperre) 1842 - 1836 Senwosret III (Khakaure) 1836 - 1817 Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) 1817 - 1772 Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) 1772 - 1763 Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763 - 1759 Second intermediate periodThe Hyksos invade and conquer. Eventually the Theban princes regain power. Kamose defeats the Hyksos.13th Dynasty Wegaf 1783-1779 Amenemhat-senebef Sekhemre-khutawi Amenemhat V Sehetepibre I Iufni Amenemhat VI Semenkare Sehetepibre II Sewadjkare Nedjemibre Sobekhotep I Reniseneb Hor I Amenemhat VII Sobekhotep II Khendjer Imira-mesha Antef IV Seth Sobekhotep III Neferhotep I 1696 - 1686 Sihathor 1685 - 1685 Sobekhotep IV 1685 - 1678 Sobekhotep V 1678 - 1674 Iaib 1674 - 1664 Ay 1664 - 1641 Ini I Sewadjtu Ined Hori Sobekhotep VI Dedumes I Ibi II Hor II Senebmiu Sekhanre I Merkheperre Merikare 14th Dynasty Nehesi Khatire Nebfaure Sehabre Meridjefare Sewadjkare Heribre Sankhibre Kanefertemre Neferibre Ankhkare More ? ... 15th Dynasty Salitis Bnon Apachnan (Khian) Apophis (Auserre Apepi) Khamudi 16th Dynasty Anat-Her User-anat Semqen Zaket Wasa Qar Pepi III Bebankh Nebmaatre Nikare II Aahotepre Aaneterire Nubankhre Nubuserre Khauserre Khamure Jacob-Baal Yakbam Yoam Amu More ? ... 17th Dynasty Antef V Rahotep Sobekemzaf I Djehuti Mentuhotep VII Nebirau I Nebirau II Semenenre Suserenre Sobekemzaf II Antef VI Antef VII Tao I (Senakhtenre) Tao II (Sekenenre) Kamose (Wadjkheperre) New kingdomExtreme prosperity and renaissance in art and building projects mark the beginning of this period. Towards the end of the 19th Dynasty the increasing power of the priesthood corrupts the central government. During the 20th Dynasty tomb robbing is done by officials. The priesthood becomes hereditary and begins to assume secular power. The government breaks down.18th Dynasty Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) 1539 - 1514 Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) 1514 - 1493 Thutmose I (Akheperkare) 1493 - 1481 Thutmose II (Akheperenre) 1481 - 1479 Hatshepsut (Maatkare) 1473 - 1458 Thutmose III (Menkheperre) 1479 - 1425 Amenhotep II (Akheperure) 1427 - 1392 Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) 1392 - 1382 Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) 1382 - 1344 Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten 1352 - 1336 Neferneferuaten 1341 - 1337 Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) 1337 - 1336 Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) 1336 - 1327 Ay (Kheperkheperure) 1327 - 1323 Horemheb (Djeserkheperure) 1323 - 1295 19th Dynasty Ramesses I (Menpehtyre) 1295 - 1294 Seti I (Menmaatre) 1394 - 1279 Ramesses II (Usermaatresetepenre) 1279 - 1213 Merenptah (Baenrehotephirmaat) 1213 - 1203 Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203 - 1200 Seti II (Userkheperuresetepenre) 1200 - 1194 Siptah (Akhenresetepenre) 1194 - 1188 Tausert (Sitremeritamun) 1188 - 1186 20th Dynasty Setakht (Userkhauremeryamun) 1186 - 1184 Ramesses III (Usermaatremeryamun) 1184 - 1153 Ramesses IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) 1153 - 1147 Ramesses V (Usermaatresekheperenre) 1147 - 1143 Ramesses VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) 1143 - 1136 Ramesses VII (Usermaatresetepenre) 1136 - 1129 Ramesses VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) 1129 - 1126 Ramesses IX (Neferkaresetepenre) 1126 - 1108 Ramesses X (Khepermaatresetepenre) 1108 - 1099 Ramesses XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) 1099 - 1069 Third intermediate periodThe capital moves from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to SAIS, and then back to Nubia and Thebes.21st Dynasty Smedes 1070-1044 Amenemnisu 1040 Psusennes I 1040-992 Amenope 993-984 Osochor 984-978 Siamun 978-959 Psusennes II 959-945 22nd Dynasty Shoshenq I 945-924 Osorkon I 924-909 Takelot 909-? Shoshenq II ?-883 Osorkon II 883-855 Takelot II 860-835 Shoshenq III 835-783 Pami 783-773 Shoshenq IV 773-735 Osorkon IV 735-712 23rd Dynasty Pedubaste I 828-803 Osorkon IV 777-749 Peftjauwybast 740-725 24th Dynasty Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720 Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715 Late kingdomThe Nubians fall under the Assyrians invasion. The Greeks help re-establish order. A renaissance in the arts of the 25th Dynasty shows a return to the Old Kingdom style.25th Dynasty Shebaka 712-698 Shebitku 698-690 Taharqa 690-664 Tantamani 664-657 26th Dynasty Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610 Psammetichus II 610-595 Apries 589-570 Amasis 570-526 Psammetichus III 526-525 27th Dynasty Cambyses 525-522 Darius I 521-486 Xerxes I 486-466 Artaxerxes I 465-424 Darius II 424-404 28th Dynasty Amyrtaios 404-399 29th Dynasty Nepherites I 399-393 Psammuthis 393 Hakoris 393-380 Nepherites II 380 30th Dynasty (Last of the Egyptian-born Pharaos) Nectanebo I 380-362 Teos 365-360 Nectanebo II 360-343 Second persian period31st DynastyOchus (Artaxerxes III) 343-338 Arses 338-336 Darius III Codomannus 335-332 Greco-Roman period(332 BC - 395 AD)Macedonian Kings - Capitol moves to Alexandria Alexander the Great 332-323 Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316 Alexander IV 316-304 Ptolemaic Dynasty This period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in agreement on the order of reigns and, in some case, the reigns themselves, from Ptolemy VI through Ptolemy XI. In any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of Cleopatra, at which time, Egypt was overpowered by Rome. Ptolemy I Soter I 323-285 Ptolemy II Philadelphus 282-246 Ptolemy III Euergeter I 246-222 Ptolemy IV Philopator 222-205 Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205-180 Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-164 & 163-145 Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170-163 & 145-116 Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 & 88-80 Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88 Cleopatra Berenice 81-80 Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 & 55-51 Berenice IV 58-55 Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47 Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV 47-44 Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30 Roman Emperors Augustus 30 B.C. - 14 A.D. Tiberius 14-37 Gaius Caligula 37-41 Claudius 41-54 Nero 54-68 Galba 68-69 Vespasianus 69-79 Titus 79-81 Domitianus 81-96 Nerva 96-98 Trajanus 98-117 Hadrianus 117-138 Antoninus Pius 138-161 Marcus Aurelius 161-180 Lucius Verrus Commodus 180-192 Septimus Severus 193-211 Caracalla 198-217 Geta 209-212 |