คำพูดง่ายๆเกี่ยวกับ "การช่วยเหลือบอกทาง"
It's opposite of the gym.           Go southward on Highway 37.        Get on Loop 410.
From the exit, just follow the traffic signs.
The library is across the street, next to the language lab.
Walk straight ahead past the park, to the end of the street.
You're at the Tourist Office.
Continue in an eastward direction as far as you can go.
,..... walk two blocks to the second intersection.
ข้ามสะพาน = cross over      สี่แยก= 4-way intersection
ทางรถไฟ = train tracks
make a left turn.      go down, go up, go two blocks,      keep on this street.

การใช้ open / close
The door is open. (= เปิด)     The door is closed. (= ปิด)      The door is close. (= ใกล้)

เกี่ยวกับ "การทำฟัน" (Dental Clinic)
- ... go to the dentist twice a year for regular checkup.  (ตรวจฟันประจำทุก 6 เดือน)
- ... take x-rays of teeth. (เอ็กซเรย์ฟัน)
- The dentist uses a needle(เข็มฉีดยา) to inject an anaesthetic (ยาชา)(usually novocain)
into your gums and the nurves in it.  This will make your mouth feel numb. (รู้สึกชา)
- It takes a few minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect(ยาชาออกฤทธิ์), to go into effect,
so that you won't feel anything.
- cavity = ฟันผุ        drill the teeth = กลอฟัน         fill the cavity = อุดฟัน
   "The dentist drilled the tooth and then put a filling into the cavity."
- I grind my teeth when I sleep.  = กัดฟัน
- plaque = ปูน        tartar = หินปูน        (dental) floss = ไหมขัดฟัน

เกริ่นเวลาจะเริ่มเล่าเรื่อง
- You'll never guess what happened............ .
- Let me tell you what happened.......... .
- I remember the day.......... .
- Did I tell you what happened.............. .
- Did I ever tell you about.......... .
- Guess what happened........... .

เกี่ยวกับการใช้ "on"
....นอนเปิดวิทยุ / นอนเปิดไฟ
I can't sleep with the radio on. (with the light on).
....เปิดไฟรถทิ้งไว้ทั้งคืน
His headlights were on all night; he must not have turned them off when he got home.

ประโยคเกี่ยวกับการจองตั๋วเครื่องบิน
- "One way or round-trip?"
- The first class round trip fare is $5000.
- ..... purchase your ticket in advance.
- We have a flight that leaves LA at 2.00 pm.
- The return flight.........
- Are they nonstop?
- Passengers with reservations on international flights should call to confirm them
72 hours in advance.

สำนวนเกี่ยวกับการถาม หรือการเสนอแนะ
- What should I do first?
- Okay. I've done that.  Now that?
- Then punch your number in.  Got it?
- Oh,  okay.  What next?
- So what do I do?
- Like this?
- Is that right?
- Okay?

At Gas Station
- Your gas stations are different from the ones in my country.   Would you explain to me
how to put gas in my car?
- Turn off the engine.
- Take the cap off your gas tank.
- Take the hose (for the super unleaded gas) and put nozzle into the tank.
- Push the button for cash or credit.
- Lift the lever on the gas pump to start the pump and squeeze the handle on the nozzle.
- When your tank is full, the gas will cut off.   You can now remove the nozzle, replace it,
and pay the cashier.

Asking for and Giving sequenced instructions :-
1. Asking for instructions on how to do something.
   - Would you explain how........ ?                       - How do you....... ?
    - How should I .............?                               - What should I do first?
    - What's the best way to .......... ?
2. Giving instructions.
   - Did you understand what I said?     - Got it?        - Are you with me?
    - Have you got all that?                                  - Okay?
    - Are you following me?                                   - Remember to............ .
    - Any questions?                                          - Be sure to .......... .
3. When we don't understand the instructions or are confused.
   - Would you repeat that?         - Hold it.                      - You just lost me.
    - I didn't catch the last part.      -Wait a minute.              - What was that?
    - I'm not sure I understand.      - Please repeat that.         - What do you mean?
    - I missed that last part.          - Run that by again, please.
4. Understand but want more information or confirmation.
    - What should I do now?         - Then what?                    - What's next?
    - Anything else?                  - Like this?                       - How's this?
    - Is this right/okay?
5. Understand the instructions and can follow them.
    - That doesn't sound too hard/difficult.                 - That seems simple/easy enough.
    - I think I've got it.       - I understand.                - So far, so good.

The Future Perfect Tense
ตัวอย่างที่ 1
A : we're going to be late for the party.
B : Yes, they'll have eaten all the food by the time we get there.
ตัวอย่างที่ 2
A : How long have you been in Army?
B : By next month, I'll have been in the Army 13 years.

Expressions used to "delay answering"
- Let me see.
- Let me think for a minute.
- I'm not sure, but I think......... .
- Well, now...... .

Expressions used to "avoid answering"
- I really don't know.                            - I have no idea.
- Sorry, I can't answer that one.               - I'd rather not answer that.
- That's something I don't care to discuss.
- I really don't want to talk about that.

About "Sleeping"
- I had a sleepless last night. (= นอนไม่หลับ )
- I dropped off. (= ผมหลับใน = fall asleep )
- ...... stay up late (= อยู่จนดึก)
- ....... go to bed early (=  นอนหัวค่ำ)            - ....... go to bed late (=  นอนดึก)
- ...... sleep late  (= ตื่นสาย, ไม่ได้ตั้งใจ)          - ....... get up early (=  ตื่นเช้า)
- ........ sleep in  (= ตื่นสาย, ตั้งใจ, สายกว่าปกติ)
     ตัวอย่าง :-  Don't call me on Sunday morning, I'll sleep in.

Past Modals
1. could have  = had the opportunity to do something but did not
   ตัวอย่าง :-  While in California, I could have visited San Francisco, but I didn't.
2. could have, may have, might have  = something was possible in the past
    ตัวอย่าง :-  He could have felt sick.     (perhaps he felt sick)
                   He may have confused.    (perhaps he got confused)
3. should have,  ought to have    = someone did the wrong thing / to give advice after that
    ตัวอย่าง :-  The policeman gave him a ticket.   He shouldn't have driven so fast.
4. may have  = to make conclusions or deductions about the past
    ตัวอย่าง :-  I haven't seen our neighbors for a while, they may have gone on vacation.

Thank you
- Thanks a lot.                                 - I appreciate your concern.
- Thanks for your support.                    - Thank you for your thoughtfulness.
- Thanks for being so kind.                   - I'll call if I need you.
- It's very nice of you to offer to help.

Sorry
To express "symphthy" :-
- I'm deeply/truly/really sorry to hear.
- I can't tell you how sorry I am that...................... .
To show someone that "we really understand he/she" :-
- I know your feelings.
- I know how you feel......................... .
- I understand how lonely/sad/hurt/angry you must feel.
To "offer assistance in some way" :-
- Is there anything I can do for you?
- Please let me know if there's anything I can do.
- Please call if you need me.
- I'll be here if you need me.
- I'll be more than glad to help you.
- Please don't hesitate to call on me if there's something I can do.
How to respond :-
- Thanks a lot.                           - Thank you very much.
- I'll call if I need you.  Thanks.
- It's very nice of you to offer to help.
- Thanks for your support.
- I appreciate your thoughtfulness/kindness/concern.
- Thank you for your.............................. .
- Thanks for being so kind/thoughtful/understanding.

ตัวอย่างประโยคที่ใช้ศัพท์ "no matter...."
1. Sometimes, no matter how well you plan, things  just don't work out. (not succeed)
2. She'll never accept a gift from you, no matter what you say.