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Human Biology: Practice Test Unit III

Bones, Muscles, Skin

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1. The human skeleton has _________ bones of various sizes and shapes. 

   

106

   

206

   

156

   

over 600

 

             

2. The _________ is the tough outer covering of bones.

   

dermis

   

epidermis

   

periosteum

   

melanin

 

              

3. The surface layer of the skin is known as the _____________.

   

dermis

   

epidermis

   

periosteum

   

melanin

 

              

4. _________ are any place where two bones meet.

   

tendons

   

muscles

   

ligaments

joints

 

              

5.  _________ make bone hard. 

   

fats

   

minerals

   

carbohydrates

   

proteins

           

               

6. One function of spongy bone is to _____________. 

   

store minerals

   

produce white blood cells

   

produce red blood cells

   

make the bone lightweight

 

              

7. _________ are organs that contract and get shorter

   

muscles

   

ligaments

   

periosteum

   

joints

 

              

8. _______ are thick bands of tissue that attach muscles to bone.

   

ligaments

   

tendons

   

muscles

   

perisoteum

 

             

 9. The dense, strong layer of bone is called _____________.

   

cartilage 

   

periosteum

   

bone marrow

   

compact bone

 

               

10. _________ muscle is involuntary muscles of the digestive system.

   

skeletal

   

smooth

   

cardiac

   

pancreatal

             

            

11. ___________ is tissue found in the center of bones and is responsible for making blood cells. 

   

marrow

   

dermis

   

melanin

   

spongy bone

 

             

12. _________ muscles are any muscles that are not consciously controlled.

   

voluntary

   

involuntary

   

epideral

   

skeletal

 

             

 13. Tough bands of tissue that hold bones together are called ___________.

   

periosteum 

   

tendons

   

ligaments

   

smooth muscle

 

              

14. The inner layer of skin is known as the  _____________.

   

epidermis

   

dermis

   

keritanaceous

   

non-keritanaceous

 

             

 15. ______________ covers the ends of bone

   

cartilage

   

tendons

   

muscle

   

all of the above

           

               

16. Dead cells are found on the _________.

   

dermis

   

marrow

   

epidermis

   

periosteum

 

             

 17. __________ helps retain fluids in the body.

   

bone

   

muscle

   

skin

   

a steroid

 

             

 18. About ___________ of your body mass is muscle tissue.

   

20-25%

   

25-30%

   

30-35%

   

40-50%

 

              

19. All of the following are true of heart muscle except that it ____________.

   

has striations

   

contracts about 30 times a minute

   

is found in the heart

   

is involuntary

 

              

 20. Your limb bones (arm and leg) are considered to be __________ bones.

   

long

   

short

   

flat

   

irregular

 

 21. _____________ muscle cells can be described as: very long, cigar-shaped, multinucleate, with striations. 

   

smooth

   

cardiac

   

heart

   

skeletal

 

             

22. The joints of the bones of the skull and pelvis are classified as __________ joints.

   

gliding

   

immovable

   

hinge

   

ball-and-socket

 

              

23. ____________ is the chemical that gives skin its color.

   

phosphorus

   

melanin

   

sodium chloride

   

urea

 

              

24. The smooth, flexible layer of tissue covering the ends of bones is ____________.

   

cartilage

   

periosteum

   

spongy bone

   

compact bone

 

              

25.  Which of the following are functions of bones?

   

gives shape and support to body

   

storehouse for minerals

   

protect internal organs

   

all of the above

           

               

26. ___________ break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphorus when needed by the body.

   

muscle fibers

   

osteoblasts

   

osteoclasts

   

ligaments

 

              

27. ___________ joints are the most frequently used joints in your body.

   

gliding

   

ball-and-socket

   

immovable

   

pivot

 

              

28. _____________ is a disease of children in which bones fail to calcify.

   

gout

   

osteoporosis

   

arthritis

   

rickets

 

             

 29. The ___________ system includes your hair and nails.

   

endocrine

   

integumentary

   

skeletal

   

excretory

 

               

30. Skeletal muscles are attached to bone in at least two places.  The point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone is called the _____________.

   

joint

   

insertion

   

origin

   

ligament

             

            

31. Which of the following is (are) pigments that are responsible for skin color? 

   

carotene

   

melanin

   

red dye #5

   

a and b only

 

             

32. Most muscles work ______________.

   

sometimes

   

one at a time

   

in pairs

   

independently 

 

             

33. The ends of bones are covered with a thick, smooth layer of _______________ to help absorb shock and make movement easier.

   

fat 

   

oil

   

periosteum

   

cartilage

 

              

34. There are approximately _______ muscles in the human body.

   

106

   

206

   

156

   

over 600

 

             

 35. Which of the following is an important function of muscles.

   

produces movement

   

stabilizes joints

   

generates heat

   

all of the above

           

               

36. The large leg bone found in your upper leg (thigh) is known as the ____________.

   

humerous

   

scapula

   

femur

   

Ulna

 

             

 37. Another name for the shoulder blade is the ________.

   

mandible

scapula

   

clavicle

   

sternum

 

             

 38. Which of the following are considered long bones.

   

humerous

   

scapula

   

femur

   

both a and c

 

              

39. The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone-forming cells is called ___________.

   

ossification

   

cartilagation

   

boneification

   

ligamentation

 

              

 40. The outer layer of skin contains _________ which helps to make skin 'water-repellent'.

   

melanin

   

carbohydrates

   

dermoid cells

   

keratin


 

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