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Human Biology: Practice Test Unit VI

Respiration and Excretion

Test your knowledge!

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1. _______ is an organic compound and is the main source of energy for the body. 

   

proteins

   

fats

   

carbohydrates

   

amino acids

 

             

2. ___________ is the rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

   

epiglottis

   

peristalsis

   

periosteum

   

reflex response

 

              

3. ____________ provide twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrates.

   

fats

   

amino acids

   

proteins

   

minerals

 

              

4. chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the _____________.

   

small intestine

   

large intestine

   

esophagus

mouth

 

              

5.  ____________ are inorganic substances required by the body. 

   

minerals

   

fats

   

carbohydrates

   

proteins

           

               

6. The __________ is a small flap of cartilage that closes off the wind pipe. 

   

villi

   

epiglottis

   

pyloric sphincter 

   

tonsils

 

              

7. _________ is the pasty food mixture produced in the stomach.

   

bolus

   

feces

   

chyme

   

villi

 

              

8. ______________ are finger-like projections where molecules of food are absorbed into the blood stream.

   

epiglottis

   

tonsils

villi

   

appendix

 

             

 9. _________ are the building blocks of proteins.

   

monosaccharides 

   

amino acids

   

fatty acids

   

carbohydrates

 

               

10. _____________ are organic compounds that provide building materials for the body.

   

proteins

   

fats

   

carbohydrates

   

nucleic acids

             

            

11. A protein that enters reactions and helps join or break up two substances is called _______________. 

   

and enzyme

   

bile

   

hydrochloric acid

   

chyme

 

             

12. ___________ are essential, organic nutrients that help your body use other nutrients.

   

minerals

   

carbohydrates

   

proteins

   

vitamins

 

             

 13. ____________ are nutrients that help store vitamins and form a cushioning tissue.

   

fats 

   

carbohydrates

   

minerals

   

proteins

 

              

14. The major job of the __________ is to absorb water from undigested food.

   

pancreas

   

small intestine

   

gall bladder

   

large intestine

 

             

 15. The process of digestion begins in your ________________.

   

mouth

   

small intestine

   

esophagus

   

stomach

           

               

16. ___________ provides twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrates.

   

proteins

   

sugars

   

fats

   

none of the above

 

             

 17. Which of the following is not considered to be a carbohydrate?

   

sugars

   

cellulose

   

starch

enzymes

 

             

 18. Which of the following are not one of the 4 basic food groups.

   

meat, fish, and bean

   

milk and milk products

   

water

   

bread, rice, and cereals

 

              

19. Food that leaves your stomach is a thin, watery liquid form called ___________.

   

amylase

   

bile

   

gall

   

chyme

 

              

 20. _________ provides building materials for the body.

   

fats

   

proteins

   

glucose

   

carbohydrates

 

 21. The human body needs 22 amino acids.  Only ______ of these can be produced by the cells of your body.  The remaining amino acids need to be supplied in your diet. 

   

21

   

14

   

2

   

0

 

             

22. The major portion of all food ____________ takes place in the duodenum.

   

digestion

   

absorption

   

ingestion

   

elimination

 

              

23. The most important of all the essential nutrients required by the body is __________.

   

water

   

minerals

   

carbohydrates

   

fats

 

              

24. ____________ vitamins can't be stored in the human body.

   

fat-soluble

   

large

   

small

   

water-soluble

 

              

25. The taste buds on your tongue tell your brain if food is _____________.

   

sweet, sour, salty

   

sweet, salty, bitter, tangy

   

sweet, sour, salty, bitter

   

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, tangy

           

               

26.  Where the esophagus joins the stomach there is a thick ring of muscle called the _________.

   

epiglottis

   

pharynx

   

pyloric sphincter

   

anal sphincter

 

              

27. Minerals are lost by the body by ____________.

   

sweat

   

urine

   

feces

   

all of the above

 

              

28. Absorption of molecules of food into the bloodstream takes place in the  _______________.

   

colon

   

large intestine

   

small intestine

   

both a and b

 

             

 29. If normal function of the large intestine is disturbed and does not absorb water, the condition is called ________.

   

constipation

   

peristalsis

   

diarrhea

   

both a and c

 

               

30. The __________ is a tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach.

   

esophagus

   

colon

   

mouth

small intestine

             

            

31. The small intestine is a narrow tube approximately _______ in length. 

   

1 meter

   

1 foot

   

7 meters

   

20 meters

 

             

32. The major portion of digestion takes place in the ________.

   

small intestine

   

mouth

   

large intestine

   

liver

 

             

33. Which of the following is the correct order in which food travels down the digestive tract?  

   

mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 

   

mouth, esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine

   

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

   

mouth, esophagus, stomach, pharynx, large intestine, small intestine

 

              

34. The main job of the _________ is to absorb water from the undigested mass.

   

large intestine

   

small intestine

   

colon

   

both a and c

 

             

 35. Muscles in the rectum and anus control release of solidified wastes in the form of _________.

   

chyme

   

urea

   

uric acid

   

feces

           

               

Directions:  Use the diagram below to answer questions 36-40.  

36. Letter (a) represents the ____________.

   

small intestine

   

wind pipe

   

trachea

   

esophagus

 

             

 37. This is the second largest organ in the body after the skin.

   

(b.)

(c.)

   

(d.)

   

(e.)

 

             

 38. Letter (d) represents the ___________.

   

liver

   

stomach

   

large intestine

   

small intestine

 

              

39. Letter (c) represents the _________.

   

liver

   

stomach

   

large intestine

   

small intestine

 

              

 40. What important process takes place in the organ represented by letter (e)?

   

major portion of digestion

   

beginning of mechanical digestion

   

water absorption

   

bile production


 

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