Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in a. | the presence of a nucleus. | b. | the composition of their cell
wall. | c. | size. | d. | the presence of a cell wall. | | |
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2.
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Unlike
eubacteria, archaebacteria a. | have a cell wall. | b. | are prokaryotes. | c. | have two cell membranes. | d. | are thought to be the ancestors of
eukaryotes. | | |
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Figure 19-2
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3.
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Figure
19-2 shows how prokaryotes can be identified by a. | the composition of their cell
walls. | b. | their reaction to
the Gram stain. | c. | their cell shapes. | d. | their methods for obtaining
energy. | | |
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4.
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Which
structures in Figure 19-2 are cocci? a. | A | b. | B | c. | C | d. | none of the above | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following are factors used to identify prokaryotes? a. | cell shape | b. | the way prokaryotes move | c. | the way prokaryotes obtain
energy | d. | all of the
above | | |
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6.
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Where
are you likely to find a photoautotroph? a. | in your refrigerator | b. | in the darkness of the ocean | c. | in the human gut | d. | near the surfaces of lakes, streams, and
oceans | | |
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7.
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Unlike
photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs obtain energy a. | directly from the sun. | b. | directly from inorganic
molecules. | c. | indirectly from
organic molecules. | d. | indirectly from other organisms. | | |
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8.
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Most
prokaryotes are a. | heterotrophs. | b. | photoautotrophs. | c. | chemoautotrophs. | d. | photoheterotrophs. | | |
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9.
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Which
of the following describes an ecological role of bacteria in the environment? a. | carrying out photosynthesis | b. | recycling nutrients | c. | fixing nitrogen | d. | all of the above | | |
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10.
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As
decomposers, bacteria a. | fix nitrogen. | b. | carry out photosynthesis. | c. | fight off viruses. | d. | recycle nutrients. | | |
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11.
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In
which of the following places are you most likely to find nitrogen-fixing bacteria? a. | the atmosphere | b. | lakes and streams | c. | the roots of soybean plants | d. | a bag of nitrogen fertilizer | | |
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12.
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Food
poisoning is an example of bacteria a. | releasing toxins that make you
sick. | b. | breaking down the
body's tissues. | c. | resisting antibiotics. | d. | going through the lytic cycle. | | |
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13.
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The
few bacteria that cause disease are called a. | viruses. | b. | pathogens. | c. | endospores. | d. | antibiotics. | | |
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14.
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A
bacterial infection results when bacteria a. | break down the body's tissues. | b. | lyse following the lytic cycle. | c. | live as obligate aerobes in the absence of
oxygen. | d. | undergo
conjugation inside the body. | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following diseases is NOT caused by bacteria? a. | tooth decay | b. | tuberculosis | c. | AIDS | d. | Salmonella food poisoning | | |
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16.
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Bacteria are used to make which of the following foods? a. | cheese | b. | yogurt | c. | pickles | d. | all of the above | | |
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17.
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Food
that is stored in your refrigerator will keep longer because the bacteria that spoil
food a. | die at low
temperatures. | b. | grow more slowly
at low temperatures. | c. | require light to live. | d. | grow more slowly in the dark. | | |
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18.
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Which
of the following is a characteristic of bacteria that is key to keeping them under
control? a. | Most bacteria
cannot survive high temperatures for long periods. | b. | Most bacteria are resistant to harmful
chemicals. | c. | Most bacteria
form endospores when subjected to harsh conditions. | d. | Most bacteria do not attack human
foods. | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following is NOT a form of sterilization? a. | refrigeration | b. | boiling | c. | chemical disinfection | d. | frying | | |
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20.
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A
virus's outer protein coat is called a a. | DNA core. | b. | capsid. | c. | bacteriophage. | d. | tail sheath. | | |
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21.
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All
viruses are made of proteins and a. | nucleic acids. | b. | prophages. | c. | bacteriophages. | d. | endospores. | | |
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22.
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The
instructions for making new copies of a virus are a. | a part of a virus's capsid. | b. | coded in surface proteins attached to the protein
coat. | c. | coded in either
RNA or DNA. | d. | found only in
bacteriophages. | | |
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23.
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What
is the basic structure of a virus? a. | DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein
coat | b. | a capsid
surrounded by a protein coat | c. | a tail sheath surrounded by tail
fibers | d. | a tiny cell
surrounded by a cell wall | | |
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24.
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A
lytic infection concludes with the a. | embedding of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA
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prophage. | c. | bursting of the
host cell. | d. | production of
messenger RNA. | | |
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25.
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During
a lytic infection, the host cell is a. | destroyed. | b. | prepared for the lysogenic
cycle. | c. | copied many times
over. | d. | all of the
above | | |
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