Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A
mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an) a. | chromosomal mutation. | b. | inversion. | c. | point mutation. | d. | translocation. | | |
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2.
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Which
type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? a. | rRNA | b. | tRNA | c. | mRNA | d. | RNA polymerase | | |
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3.
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In
eukaryotes, DNA a. | is located in the
nucleus. | b. | floats freely in
the cytoplasm. | c. | is located in the
ribosomes. | d. | is
circular. | | |
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4.
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Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of a. | adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage
of guanine molecules. | b. | pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of
purines. | c. | purines in DNA is
much greater than the percentage of pyrimidines. | d. | cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the
percentage of guanine molecules. | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following are found in both DNA and RNA? a. | ribose, phosphate groups, and
adenine | b. | deoxyribose,
phosphate groups, and guanine | c. | phosphate groups, guanine, and
cytosine | d. | phosphate groups,
guanine, and thymine | | |
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6.
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Unlike
DNA, RNA contains a. | adenine. | b. | uracil. | c. | phosphate groups. | d. | thymine. | | |
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7.
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How
many main types of RNA are there? a. | 1 | b. | 3 | c. | hundreds | d. | thousands | | |
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8.
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Genes
contain instructions for assembling a. | purines. | b. | nucleosomes. | c. | proteins. | d. | pyrimidines. | | |
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9.
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How
many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
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10.
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What
is produced during transcription? a. | RNA molecules | b. | DNA molecules | c. | RNA polymerase | d. | proteins | | |
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11.
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DNA
replication results in two DNA molecules, a. | each with two new strands. | b. | one with two new strands and the other with two original
strands. | c. | each with one new
strand and one original strand. | d. | each with two original strands. | | |
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12.
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RNA
contains the sugar a. | ribose. | b. | deoxyribose. | c. | glucose. | d. | lactose. | | |
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Figure 12-1
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13.
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Figure
12-1 shows the structure of a(an) a. | DNA molecule. | b. | amino acid. | c. | RNA molecule. | d. | protein. | | |
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14.
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DNA is
copied during a process called a. | replication. | b. | translation. | c. | transcription. | d. | transformation. | | |
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15.
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What
happens during the process of translation? a. | Messenger RNA is made from DNA. | b. | The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce
proteins. | c. | Transfer RNA is
made from messenger RNA. | d. | Copies of DNA molecules are
made. | | |
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Figure 12-2
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16.
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What
does Figure 12-2 show? a. | anticodons | b. | the order in which amino acids are
linked | c. | the code for
splicing mRNA | d. | the genetic
code | | |
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17.
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Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by a. | RNA. | b. | DNA. | c. | proteins. | d. | carbohydrates. | | |
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18.
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During
DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the
bases a. | TCGAAC. | b. | GATCCA. | c. | AGCTTG. | d. | GAUCCA. | | |
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19.
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Which
type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? a. | transfer RNA only | b. | messenger RNA only | c. | ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA
only | d. | messenger RNA,
ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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Figure 12-1
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20.
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The
structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.
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Figure 12-3
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21.
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Figure
12-3 shows three types of ____________________.
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22.
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The
Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _________________________, in which two strands are wound
around each other.
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23.
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During
transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken.
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24.
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The
____________________ of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the
tRNA.
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25.
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The
order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in
proteins.
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